{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T10:54:27Z","timestamp":1773831267115,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatopathology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue typically caused by traumatic inoculation of dematiaceous fungi of the Herpotrichiellaceae. A 59-year-old male presented with a 12-month history of an asymmetrical, scaly plaque on the left forearm that has been slowly increasing in size. Past medical history included atrial fibrillation on apixaban, hypertension and a cardiac stent. A 4 mm punch biopsy of the left forearm revealed superficial dermal fibrosis with mild pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and granulomatous inflammation with scattered multinucleate histiocytes. There were giant cells with dark brown, somewhat round, yeast-like structures, some with internal septation exhibiting moderate staining for PAS, compatible with Medlar bodies suggestive of chromoblastomycosis. The patient was on rosuvastatin, rendering itraconazole not a possible treatment option, and instead the patient underwent curettage and cautery with two bouts of cryotherapy freeze and thaw cycles. A twelve-month follow-up noted a crusted area on the distal aspect of the scar. A shave biopsy of this area revealed pigmented organisms suggesting a recurrence of chromoblastomycosis. A further excisional biopsy was performed, with no evidence of chromoblastomycosis. This case highlights multiple surgical options for the management of chromoblastomycosis in patients where medical management is contraindicated. It highlights the therapeutic challenge of this disease due to frequent recurrence of lesions and that repeat biopsy may be efficacious in monitoring for recurrence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dermatopathology13010010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T07:35:08Z","timestamp":1773819308000},"page":"10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Case of Recurrent Chromoblastomycosis Treated with Multiple Surgical Management Options"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, Townsville University Hospital, 100Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Douglas, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Crystal","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, Townsville University Hospital, 100Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, Townsville University Hospital, 100Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp-2023-209239","article-title":"Dematiaceous fungal infections: Clinical and pathologic conundrums","volume":"77","author":"Hartsough","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.idoj_292_23","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis: A Case Series and Literature Review","volume":"14","author":"Shenoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9742832","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9742832","article-title":"Reviewing the Etiologic Agents, Microbe-Host Relationship, Immune Response, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Chromoblastomycosis","volume":"2021","author":"Passero","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20187321","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis: An etiological, epidemiological, clinical, diagnosis and treatment update","volume":"93","author":"Bittencourt","year":"2018","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/PAT.0b013e32836326a1","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis in Australia: An historical perspective","volume":"45","author":"Weedon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780802538001","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis: An overview of clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"47","author":"Esterre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2023.05.004","article-title":"Clinical presentation and management of chromoblastomycosis: A case report and review","volume":"41","author":"Falgout","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Mycol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuckwell, W., Yesudian, P., and Chandler, D. (2025). Chromoblastomycosis: A contemporary review of a neglected disease. Clin. Exp. Dermatol., llaf201.","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llaf201"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"e73619","article-title":"Treatment-resistant chromoblastomycosis successfully managed with surgical excision","volume":"16","author":"Martinelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad124","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad124","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis treated with posaconazole and adjunctive imiquimoid: Lending innate immunity a helping hand","volume":"10","author":"Logan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"e59","article-title":"Ablative treatment of severe chromoblastomycosis in the upper limb. Case report","volume":"37","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Colomb. Orthop. 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Med."}],"container-title":["Dermatopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2296-3529\/13\/1\/10\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T08:16:45Z","timestamp":1773821805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2296-3529\/13\/1\/10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["dermatopathology13010010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/dermatopathology13010010","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-3529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-3529","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]}}}