{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T14:05:47Z","timestamp":1770905147153,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatopathology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Lichen planus is a chronic mucocutaneous inflammatory disease. Oral manifestations are common, and may remain exclusive to the oral mucosa without involvement of the skin or other mucosae. A differential diagnosis includes oral lichenoid drug reactions. Allopurinol, which is the first line hypo-uricemic treatment, is often quoted as being a possible offending drug, though oral reactions have rarely been reported. Case presentation: We describe a 59-year-old male gout patient, successfully treated with allopurinol, who developed acute onset of oral lichenoid lesions, involving bilaterally the buccal mucosa, the tongue and the labial mucosa. Histopathology was consistent with a lichen planus or a drug-induced lichenoid reaction. Improvement of the patient\u2019s condition after withdrawal of allopurinol confirmed the lichenoid nature of the lesion. Remission was complete after a few weeks. Discussion: Although unusual, allopurinol may induce a lichenoid drug reaction. These reactions may mimic clinically and histopathologically idiopathic lichen planus. Improvement or complete regression of the lesions may be attempted to confirm the diagnosis. According to the latest WHO recommendations, these lesions have a potential for malignant transformation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dermatopathology7020004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T09:23:44Z","timestamp":1597310624000},"page":"18-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Allopurinol-Induced Oral Lichenoid Drug Reaction with Complete Regression after Drug Withdrawal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7804-2388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Perez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Division of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Lazzarotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Division of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Carrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Division of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9347-3736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Division of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Saurat, J.-H., Lipsker, D., Thomas, L., Borradori, L., and Lachapelle, J.-M. (2017). Dermatologie Et Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles, Elsevier-Masson. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2015.10.012","article-title":"Concept actuel du lichen plan oral. Le diagnostic facile au d\u00e9but, peut devenir tr\u00e8s difficile dans les lichens anciens","volume":"45","author":"Lombardi","year":"2016","journal-title":"La Presse M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.05.004","article-title":"Diagnosis of oral lichen pla-nus: A position paper of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"122","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seth, R., Kydd, A.S., Buchbinder, R., Bombardier, C., and Edwards, C.J. (2014). Allopurinol for chronic gout. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006077.pub2"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2010.10.004","article-title":"Epidemiology of gout: An up-date","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04313.x","article-title":"Cutaneous adverse drug reactions to allopurinol: 10 year observational survey of the dermatology de-partment\u2014Cagliari University (Italy)","volume":"26","author":"Atzori","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(84)90331-1","article-title":"Allopurinol-amplified lichenoid reactions of the oral mucosa","volume":"58","author":"Chau","year":"1984","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. 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Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12885","article-title":"Rate of malignant transformation of oral lichen planus: A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Giuliani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2006.09.006","article-title":"The possible premalignant character of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: A prospective five-year follow-up study of 192 patients","volume":"43","author":"Mast","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."}],"container-title":["Dermatopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2296-3529\/7\/2\/4\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T14:53:33Z","timestamp":1770648813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2296-3529\/7\/2\/4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"references-count":12,"aliases":["10.3390\/dermatopathology7010004"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["dermatopathology7020004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/dermatopathology7020004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-3529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-3529","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]}}}