{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T11:59:37Z","timestamp":1782907177578,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatopathology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mucocutaneous adverse events are commonly observed under immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy. Here, we report the case of a 43-year-old male patient with a stage IIIC melanoma disease who developed hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) three months after the beginning of an anti-PD-1 (nivolumab) adjuvant therapy. The patient had no comorbidities other than obesity and severe acne during adolescence. After an unsuccessful course of lymecycline while he was still treated with nivolumab, he gradually improved under zinc gluconate therapy and, more importantly, after nivolumab cessation. HS is a recurrent follicular inflammatory disease in the apocrine gland-bearing areas of the body often associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, tobacco smoking, inflammatory bowel diseases, psoriasis, and arthritis. In our patient, the latency period between drug initiation and onset of HS symptoms and the improvement after immunotherapy discontinuation, argued strongly in favor of an anti-PD-1-induced HS. Anti-PD-1 therapies often trigger T cells-mediated adverse events that mimic Th17-mediated inflammatory and neutrophilic diseases. We suggest that HS, as other pustular skin reactions and ICIs-induced neutrophilic colitis, can be part of the anti-PD-1 mucocutaneous adverse event spectrum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dermatopathology8010007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T09:47:20Z","timestamp":1614332840000},"page":"37-39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Anti-PD-1-Induced Hidradenitis Suppurativa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Alexia","family":"Maillard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermato-Oncology Unit, Division of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4377-0692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damien","family":"Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermato-Oncology Unit, Division of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rastine","family":"Merat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermato-Oncology Unit, Division of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.03.132","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related dermatologic adverse events","volume":"83","author":"Geisler","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0779-6","article-title":"Incidence rates of immune-related adverse events and their correlation with response in advanced solid tumours treated with NIVO or NIVO+IPI: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Xing","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14011","article-title":"Anti-PD1-induced psoriasis: A study of 21 patients","volume":"31","author":"Bonigen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.08.090","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa: Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and pathogenesis","volume":"82","author":"Goldburg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00068","article-title":"Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Current understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and suggestion for treatment algorithm","volume":"7","author":"Hunger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90277-7","article-title":"Histology of hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"34","author":"Jemec","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13074","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13074","article-title":"Neutrophilic dermatoses as adverse effects of checkpoint inhibitors: A review","volume":"32","author":"Ravi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vii17","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez465","article-title":"Pathology of immune-mediated tissue lesions following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"58","author":"Ibraheim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.05.033","article-title":"Hidradenitis Suppurativa is characterized by dysregulation of the Th17: Treg cell axis, which is corrected by anti-TNF therapy","volume":"137","author":"Moran","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5823","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i19.5823","article-title":"Contribution of the IL-17\/IL-23 axis to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"21","author":"Cozma","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."}],"container-title":["Dermatopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2296-3529\/8\/1\/7\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:28:09Z","timestamp":1760160489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2296-3529\/8\/1\/7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["dermatopathology8010007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/dermatopathology8010007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-3529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-3529","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]}}}