{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T05:24:27Z","timestamp":1761110667976,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":242,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatopathology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The earliest cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since the declaration as a pandemic on 11 March 2020, further dermatological conditions continue to be documented. We herein present a novel literature review of dermatological manifestations associated with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To date, this literature review is the first broad-spectrum examination that analyzes a range of dermatological manifestations related to the COVID-19 pandemic: infection, vaccinations, personal protective equipment (PPE), and psychosocial factors. Methods: A detailed literature search was conducted using key terms for cutaneous manifestations associated with the scope of this review. The search retrieved 2199 articles. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a significant range of dermatologic sequela. Etiologies of lesions continue to be investigated. Proposed mechanisms include inflammatory response to spike protein, vitamin D deficiency, ACE2 receptor activation, androgen levels, and increased psychological stress. One prominent mechanism describes viral spike protein invasion into the dermis by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors in keratinocytes, with a secondary immunological response. Conclusions: Dermatologists play an integral role in the proper diagnosis and treatment of COVID-related lesions. Early treatment regimens and timely prophylaxis have been shown to safely reduce infection-related dermatological sequelae. Additional investigations and data collection can reduce disease burden and improve overall prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dermatopathology9030027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T20:47:56Z","timestamp":1656535676000},"page":"212-243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dermatological Conditions: A Novel, Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6415-045X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gehan A.","family":"Pendlebury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Oro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ 85206, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ 85206, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Drew","family":"Merideth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ 85206, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Bartling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle A.","family":"Bongiorno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. 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