{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T03:21:50Z","timestamp":1771039310623,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a case demonstrating the performance of different radiographical and nuclear medicine imaging modalities in the diagnostic work-up of a patient with Lyme neuroborreliosis. The patient presented in late summer 2019 with radicular pains followed by a foot drop and peripheral facial palsy, both right-sided. Due to a history of breast cancer, disseminated malignant disease was initially suspected. Bone metastasis was ruled out by skeletal scintigraphy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the neuroaxis and a whole body 18F-FDG PET-CT was performed within 48 hours. The MRI revealed a strong contrast enhancement of the conus medullaris and fibers of the cauda equina, while the 18F-FDG PET\/CT was without pathological findings. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid led to the definitive diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis with monocytic pleocytosis and a positive intrathecal test for Borrelia burgdorferi. The patient became pain-free after 10 days of ceftriaxone, and the paralysis slowly regressed the following month. This case highlights the difficulty of the diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis and discusses the relevant imaging findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10010036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T04:06:51Z","timestamp":1578629211000},"page":"36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lyme Neuroborreliosis in a Patient with Breast Cancer: MRI and PET\/CT Findings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0737-8076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathilde","family":"\u00d8rb\u00e6k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen \u00d8, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Klausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen \u00d8, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Mette","family":"Lebech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen \u00d8, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Mens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen \u00d8, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60103-7","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis","volume":"379","author":"Stanek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux047","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis-from tick bite to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"42","author":"Stanek","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dessau, R.B., Espenhain, L., Molbak, K., Krause, T.G., and Voldstedlund, M. (2015). Improving national surveillance of Lyme neuroborreliosis in Denmark through electronic reporting of specific antibody index testing from 2010 to 2012. Euro Surveill. Bull. Eur. Sur Les Mal. Transm. Eur. Commun. Dis. Bull., 20.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2015.20.28.21184"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahl, V., Wisell, K.T., Giske, C.G., Tegnell, A., and Wallensten, A. (2019). Lyme neuroborreliosis epidemiology in Sweden 2010 to 2014: Clinical microbiology laboratories are a better data source than the hospital discharge diagnosis register. Euro Surveill. Bull. Eur. Sur Les Mal. Transm. Eur. Commun. Dis. Bull., 24.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.20.1800453"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-018-0646-x","article-title":"Imaging in Lyme neuroborreliosis","volume":"9","author":"Lindland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"479","article-title":"Lyme disease of the CNS: MR imaging findings in 14 cases","volume":"11","author":"Fernandez","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ajnr. Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.6.2143","article-title":"Inflammatory brain changes in Lyme borreliosis. A report on three patients and review of literature","volume":"119","author":"Oksi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"892","article-title":"MR imaging assessment of brain and cervical cord damage in patients with neuroborreliosis","volume":"27","author":"Agosta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ajnr. Am. 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Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-005-1440-2","article-title":"Lyme disease of the brainstem","volume":"47","author":"Kalina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-821174","article-title":"Acute peripheral facial palsy in Lyme disease\u2014A distal neuritis at the infection site","volume":"35","author":"Eiffert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/10\/1\/36\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:19:21Z","timestamp":1760361561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/10\/1\/36"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics10010036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics10010036","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]}}}