{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:34:04Z","timestamp":1789760044318,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study compared functional and structural visual changes in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) patients with healthy controls (HC) and correlated these changes with neurological disability. Methods: Eight FRDA Spanish patients and eight HC were selected from 2014 to 2018. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field (VF), optic coherence tomography (OCT), and neurological disability measured by \u201cscale for the assessment and rating of ataxia\u201d (SARA) were taken in a basal exploration and repeated after 6 months. A linear mixed analysis and Bonferroni p-value correction were performed. Results: FRDA baseline and follow-up patients showed statistically significant decreases in BCVA, VF, and OCT parameters compared with the HC. Some of the VF measurements and most of the OCT parameters had an inverse mild-to-strong correlation with SARA. Moreover, the analysis of the ROC curve demonstrated that the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) average thickness was the best parameter to discriminate between FRDA patients and HC. Conclusions: The follow-up study showed a progression in OCT parameters. Findings showed a sequential effect in pRNFL, ganglion cell complex (GCC), and macula. The VF and the OCT could be useful biomarkers in FRDA, both for their correlation with neurological disease as well as for their ability to evaluate disease progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10020075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T10:51:07Z","timestamp":1580295067000},"page":"75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Ocular Involvement in Friedreich Ataxia Patients and Its Relationship with Neurological Disability, a Follow-Up Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9137-2261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Rojas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Instituto Oft\u00e1lmico de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmol\u00f3gicas Ram\u00f3n Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2656-4723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana I.","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmol\u00f3gicas Ram\u00f3n Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Oftalmolog\u00eda y ORL, Facultad de \u00d3ptica y Optometr\u00eda, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa de","family":"Hoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmol\u00f3gicas Ram\u00f3n Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Oftalmolog\u00eda y ORL, Facultad de \u00d3ptica y Optometr\u00eda, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Cadena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Instituto Oft\u00e1lmico de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2914-2593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ferreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragon\u00e9s de Ciencias de la Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Monsalve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Instituto Oft\u00e1lmico de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5939-5551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Salobrar-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmol\u00f3gicas Ram\u00f3n Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Oftalmolog\u00eda y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Unidad ALS-Neuromuscular, Departamento de Neurolog\u00eda, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Urcelay-Segura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Instituto Oft\u00e1lmico de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Oftalmolog\u00eda y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5480-5902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan J.","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmol\u00f3gicas Ram\u00f3n Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Oftalmolog\u00eda y ORL, Facultad de \u00d3ptica y Optometr\u00eda, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5145-5094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de 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