{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:36:47Z","timestamp":1789583807337,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Chronic kidney disease is a rising cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries, including end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The prevalence of thyroid comorbidities in persons with chronic kidney disease is documented higher than in normal population. The study aims to investigate the prevalence of morphological and functional thyroid disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease, with renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 123 consecutive patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5, on hemodialysis during a period of one month (May 2019\u2013June 2020). All patients were enrolled for maintenance hemodialysis in B Braun Hemodialysis Center Timisoara and were examined on conventional 2B ultrasound. Thyroid blood tests were done, including serum free thyroxin (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) at the time of starting hemodialysis. Results: We evaluated 123 patients (male to female ratio 70\/53) mean age 62.2 \u00b1 11.01, mostly above 65 years old, enrolled in the end-stage renal disease program, on renal replacement therapy. From the cohort, 76\/123 presented thyroid disease, including autoimmune hypothyroidism, nodular goiter or thyroid cancer. Among them, 63 patients presented nodular goiter, including 3 thyroid cancers, confirmed by surgery and histopathological result, 22 patients had thyroid autoimmune disease. The serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels found in the cohort was 3.36 \u00b1 2.313 mUI\/mL, which was in the normal laboratory reference range. The thyroid volume was 13 \u00b1 7.18 mL. A single patient in the cohort presented Graves Basedow disease, under treatment and three patients present subclinical hyperthyroidism. We have found that thyroid disease risk is increased by 3.4-fold for the female gender and also the increase of body mass index (BMI) with one unit raises the risk of developing thyroid disease with 1.083 times (p = 0.018). Conclusion: To conclude, this study aimed to quantify the prevalence of thyroid disease in end-stage kidney disease population, especially nodular goiter, important for differential diagnosis in cases with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Thyroid autoimmune disease can be prevalent among these patients, as symptoms can overlap those of chronic disease and decrease the quality of life. We have found that thyroid disease has a high prevalence among patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Thyroid goiter and nodules in ESRD patients were more prevalent than in the general population. Clinical surveillance and routine screening for thyroid disorders can improve the quality of life in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10040245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T10:46:22Z","timestamp":1587638782000},"page":"245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Thyroid Pathology in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3334-2552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Cotoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD School Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3406-0303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"Borcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Chem. and Toxicology Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioan","family":"Sporea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine 2nd Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Amzar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oana","family":"Schiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dialysis Medical Center B Braun Avitum, 636, 307350 Remetea Mare, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adalbert","family":"Schiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine 2nd Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina A.","family":"Dehelean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Chem. and Toxicology Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9947-8316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gheorghe Nicusor","family":"Pop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Modeling Biological Systems and Data Analysis Department of Functional Sciences, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6046-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreea","family":"Borlea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD School Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3826-4362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana","family":"Stoian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3616","article-title":"Thyroid status and mortality in a prospective hemodialysis cohort","volume":"102","author":"Rhee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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