{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:22:17Z","timestamp":1790461337154,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arthropod blood feeders are vectors of several human pathogenic agents, including viruses (e.g., yellow fever, chikungunya, dengue fever), parasites (e.g., malaria, leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis), or bacteria (e.g., plague). Besides their role as a vector of pathogens, their biting activities cause a nuisance to humans. Herein, we document clinical symptoms associated with the biting of ten clusters of hematophagous arthropods, including mosquitoes, biting midges and sandflies, lice, ticks, tsetse flies, blackflies, horse flies, fleas, triatomine and bed bugs. Within the framework of clinical history and entomo-epidemiological information, we propose a tentative discriminative key that can be helpful for practicing physicians in identifying hematophagous arthropods biting humans and delivering treatment for the associated clinical disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10050308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T10:53:59Z","timestamp":1589540039000},"page":"308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Who Bites Me? A Tentative Discriminative Key to Diagnose Hematophagous Ectoparasites Biting Using Clinical Manifestations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Akhoundi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, 93000 Bobigny, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0034-9291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Sereno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, IRD, Montpellier University, 34032 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"InterTryp, IRD, Montpellier University, 34032 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Marteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, 93000 Bobigny, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Bruel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agence R\u00e9gionale de Sant\u00e9 (ARS) \u00cele-de-France, 35, rue de la Gare, 75935 Paris CEDEX 19, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arezki","family":"Izri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, 93000 Bobigny, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/43.1.219","article-title":"The Proterozoic and Earliest Cambrian Trace Fossil Record; Patterns, Problems and Perspectives","volume":"43","author":"Jensen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Integr. 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