{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T09:30:41Z","timestamp":1789637441290,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometriosis is a gynecological disease characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a prerequisite for tissue implantation. The presence of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and its inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), in shed endometrium cells has a significant role in ECM degradation. A case\u2013control study was performed to find other diagnostic markers using menstrual blood. We examined a sample of 68 women who visited the gynecology clinic in Dr Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, 40% of whom were confirmed to have endometriosis, and the rest tested negative by histopathological examination. All endometriotic cases presented MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression with different cell distribution. MMP-9 expression in endometriosis patients was increased compared to the controls (p = 0.002). Expression of MMP-9 in &gt;80% of endometrial cells was associated with a higher risk for endometriosis (OR 4.44 95% CI 1.31 to 15.56) compared to MMP-9 expression in 50%\u201380% of cells. TIMP-1 cell expression in women with endometriosis was lower than in the control group (p = 0.030). Subjects with TIMP-1 expression in 20%\u201350% of endometrial cells had a higher risk for endometriosis (OR 4.5, 95%CI 1.21\u201317.42) compared those with TIMP-1 expression in 50%\u201380% of cells. These expressions levels can be useful to predict endometriosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10060364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T04:12:09Z","timestamp":1591157529000},"page":"364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 in Endometriosis Menstrual Blood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0207-2836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tita Husnitawati","family":"Madjid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital\u2014Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis Fachmi","family":"Ardiansyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital\u2014Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiryawan","family":"Permadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital\u2014Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethy","family":"Hernowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital\u2014Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.5301\/jeppd.5000296","article-title":"Endometriosis and Infertility: A Systematic Review","volume":"9","author":"Harris","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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[Ph.D. Thesis, Universitas Padjadjaran]."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/10\/6\/364\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:35:04Z","timestamp":1760175304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/10\/6\/364"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics10060364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics10060364","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]}}}