{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T23:46:07Z","timestamp":1779147967844,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), outbreak from Wuhan City, Hubei province, China in 2019 has become an ongoing global health emergency. The emerging virus, SARS-CoV-2, causes coughing, fever, muscle ache, and shortness of breath or dyspnea in symptomatic patients. The pathogenic particles that are generated by coughing and sneezing remain suspended in the air or attach to a surface to facilitate transmission in an aerosol form. This review focuses on the recent trends in pandemic biology, diagnostics methods, prevention tools, and policies for COVID-19 management. To meet the growing demand for medical supplies during the COVID-19 era, a variety of personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilators have been developed using do-it-yourself (DIY) manufacturing. COVID-19 diagnosis and the prediction of virus transmission are analyzed by machine learning algorithms, simulations, and digital monitoring. Until the discovery of a clinically approved vaccine for COVID-19, pandemics remain a public concern. Therefore, technological developments, biomedical research, and policy development are needed to decipher the coronavirus mechanism and epidemiological characteristics, prevent transmission, and develop therapeutic drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10060409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T13:20:43Z","timestamp":1592313643000},"page":"409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["COVID-19 Diagnostics, Tools, and Prevention"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1550-2316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayar","family":"Allam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuangyi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shambavi","family":"Ganesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"},{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mythreye","family":"Venkatesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"},{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Doodhwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"},{"name":"H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zexing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"},{"name":"H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"},{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Heit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"COVID-19","family":"Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"},{"name":"Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA"},{"name":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5797-1524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet F.","family":"Coskun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, L., Ren, L., Yang, S., Xiao, M., Chang, D., Yang, F., Cruz, C.S.D., Wang, Y., Wu, C., and Xiao, Y. (2020). Profiling Early Humoral Response to Diagnose Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Clin. Infect. Dis.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa310"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Cascella, M., Rajnik, M., Cuomo, A., Dulebohn, S.C., and Di Napoli, R. (2020). Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19). StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jamison, D.T., Gelband, H., Horton, S., Jha, P., Laxminarayan, R., Mock, C.N., and Nugent, R. (2017). Pandemics: Risks, Impacts, and Mitigation. 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