{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:58:11Z","timestamp":1760237891621,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (FIS)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["PI13\/01961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI13\/01961"]}]},{"name":"The Glaucoma Foundation\u2019s (TGF) Grant Research Program","award":["TGF 2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TGF 2014"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015080","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Rafael del Pino","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C\u00e1tedra Rafael del Pino"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C\u00e1tedra Rafael del Pino"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015080","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Animal models of glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease affecting the retina, offer the opportunity to study candidate molecular biomarkers throughout the disease. In this work, the DBA\/2J glaucomatous mouse has been used to study the systemic levels of several proteins previously identified as potential biomarkers of glaucoma, along the pre- to post-glaucomatous transition. Serum samples obtained from glaucomatous and control mice at 4, 10, and 14 months, were classified into different experimental groups according to the optic nerve damage at 14 months old. Quantifications of ten serum proteins were carried out by enzyme immunoassays. Changes in the levels of some of these proteins in the transition to glaucomatous stages were identified, highlighting the significative decrease in the concentration of complement C4a protein. Moreover, the five-protein panel consisting of complement C4a, complement factor H, ficolin-3, apolipoprotein A4, and transthyretin predicted the transition to glaucoma in 78% of cases, and to the advanced disease in 89%. Our data, although still preliminary, suggest that disease development in DBA\/2J mice is associated with important molecular changes in immune response and complement system proteins and demonstrate the utility of this model in identifying, at systemic level, potential markers for the diagnosis of glaucoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10060425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T04:51:16Z","timestamp":1592887876000},"page":"425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Systemic Alterations of Immune Response-Related Proteins during Glaucoma Development in the Murine Model DBA\/2J"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega Cueto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Oftalmol\u00f3gico Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega, Avenida Doctores Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Universitario Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega (Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Oftalmol\u00f3gica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega (Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Oftalmol\u00f3gica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9983-546X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montserrat","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Oftalmol\u00f3gico Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega, Avenida Doctores Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Universitario Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega (Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Oftalmol\u00f3gica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enol","family":"Artime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega (Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Oftalmol\u00f3gica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"\u00c1lvarez Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega (Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Oftalmol\u00f3gica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9557-6691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-U\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Oftalmol\u00f3gico Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega, Avenida Doctores Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Coca-Prados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega (Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Oftalmol\u00f3gica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5251-0967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Oftalmol\u00f3gico Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega, Avenida Doctores Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Universitario Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega (Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Oftalmol\u00f3gica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31469-1","article-title":"Glaucoma","volume":"390","author":"Jonas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224","article-title":"The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020","volume":"90","author":"Quigley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. 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