{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:36:53Z","timestamp":1792204613601,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18fk0108042h0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18fk0108042h0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP17H01690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP17H01690"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>: Leptospirosis becomes severe, with a fatality rate of &gt;10%, and manifests as severe lung injury accompanied by acute kidney injury. Using urine and blood samples of 112 patients with leptospirosis, osteopontin (OPN), galectin-9 (Gal-9) and other kidney-related biomarkers were measured to understand the pathological and diagnostic roles of OPN and Gal-9 in leptospirosis. Plasma levels of full-length (FL)-OPN (pFL-OPN) (p &lt; 0.0001), pFL-Gal-9(p &lt; 0.0001) and thrombin-cleaved OPN (p &lt; 0.01) were significantly higher in patients with leptospirosis than in healthy controls (n = 30), as were levels of several indicators of renal toxicity: serum cystatin C (p &lt; 0.0001), urine N-acetyl-\u03b2-glucosaminidase (NAG)\/creatinine (p &lt; 0.05), and urine clusterin\/creatinine (p &lt; 0.05). pFL-Gal-9 levels were negatively correlated with pFL-OPN levels (r = \u22120.24, p &lt; 0.05). pFL-OPN levels were positively correlated with serum cystatin C (r = 0.41, p &lt; 0.0001), urine NAG\/creatinine (r = 0.35, p &lt; 0.001), urine clusterin\/creatinine (r = 0.33, p &lt; 0.01), and urine cystatin C\/creatinine (r = 0.33, p &lt; 0.05) levels. In a group of patients with abnormally high creatinine levels, significantly higher levels of serum cystatin C (p &lt; 0.0001) and pFL-OPN (p &lt; 0.001) were observed. Our results demonstrate that pFL-OPN reflect kidney injury among patients with leptospirosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10070439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T03:40:07Z","timestamp":1593402007000},"page":"439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Plasma Osteopontin Levels is Associated with Biochemical Markers of Kidney Injury in Patients with Leptospirosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Haorile","family":"Chagan-Yasutan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Social Welfare, Kibi International University, 8 Igamachi, Takahashi 716-8508, Japan"},{"name":"Mongolian Psychosomatic Medicine Department, International Mongolian Medicine Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firmanto","family":"Hanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Control and Prevention Division of Banyuasin District Health Office, Pangkalan Balai, South Sumatra 30753, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4531-1331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiro","family":"Niki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun 761-0793, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4364-1134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaowa","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Social Welfare, Kibi International University, 8 Igamachi, Takahashi 716-8508, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yugo","family":"Ashino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sendai City Hospital, Miyagi 982-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Egawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Freda O.","family":"Telan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for HIV\/AIDS, Hepatitis, and other STDs, STD\/AIDS Cooperative Central Laboratory, Manila 1003, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0947-7625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshio","family":"Hattori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Social Welfare, Kibi International University, 8 Igamachi, Takahashi 716-8508, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2003). 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