{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T09:16:47Z","timestamp":1766049407320,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The most dreaded thoracic complications in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are acute pulmonary embolism and pulmonary fibrosis. Both the complications are associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. While acute pulmonary embolism is not a rare finding in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, the prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. Spontaneous pneumothorax is another possible complication in COVID-19 pneumonia, although its observation is rather uncommon. Herein, we present interesting computed tomography images of the first case of COVID-19 pneumonia that initially developed acute pulmonary embolism and subsequently showed progression toward pulmonary fibrosis and spontaneous pneumothorax.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10070498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T10:59:38Z","timestamp":1595242778000},"page":"498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["COVID-19 Pneumonia: Three Thoracic Complications in the Same Patient"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4761-2923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Borghesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Aggiusti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, UOC 2\u00b0 Medicina, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Farina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Maroldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Lorenza","family":"Muiesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, UOC 2\u00b0 Medicina, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grillet, F., Behr, J., Calame, P., Aubry, S., and Delabrousse, E. (2020). Acute Pulmonary Embolism Associated with COVID-19 Pneumonia Detected by Pulmonary CT Angiography. Radiology.","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201544"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faggiano, P., Bonelli, A., Paris, S., Milesi, G., Bisegna, S., Bernardi, N., Curnis, A., Agricola, E., and Maroldi, R. (2020). Acute pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 disease: Preliminary report on seven patients. Int. J. Cardiol.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.04.028"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spagnolo, P., Balestro, E., Aliberti, S., Cocconcelli, E., Biondini, D., Casa, G.D., Sverzellati, N., and Maher, T.M. (2020). Pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19: A call to arms?. Lancet Respir. Med.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30222-8"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gentile, F., Aimo, A., Forfori, F., Catapano, G., Clemente, A., Cademartiri, F., Emdin, M., and Giannoni, A. (2020). COVID-19 and risk of pulmonary fibrosis: The importance of planning ahead. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol.","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487320932695"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lechowicz, K., Dro\u017cd\u017cal, S., Machaj, F., Rosik, J., Szostak, B., Zegan-Bara\u0144ska, M., Biernawska, J., Dabrowski, W., Rotter, I., and Kotfis, K. (2020). COVID-19: The Potential Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061917"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Onuki, T., Ueda, S., Yamaoka, M., Sekiya, Y., Yamada, H., Kawakami, N., Araki, Y., Wakai, Y., Saito, K., and Inagaki, M. (2017). Primary and Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax: Prevalence, Clinical Features, and In-Hospital Mortality. Can. Respir. J.","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6014967"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.14299","article-title":"Trends in the Incidence and Recurrence of Inpatient-Treated Spontaneous Pneumothorax, 1968\u20132016","volume":"320","author":"Hallifax","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01200-3","article-title":"COVID-19 outbreak in Italy: Experimental chest X-ray scoring system for quantifying and monitoring disease progression","volume":"125","author":"Borghesi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01202-1","article-title":"Radiographic severity index in COVID-19 pneumonia: Relationship to age and sex in 783 Italian patients","volume":"125","author":"Borghesi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.05.021","article-title":"Chest X-ray severity index as a predictor of in-hospital mortality in coronavirus disease 2019: A study of 302 patients from Italy","volume":"96","author":"Borghesi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06967-7","article-title":"Radiographic findings in 240 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: Time-dependence after the onset of symptoms","volume":"30","author":"Vancheri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Acute pulmonary embolism in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients referred to CTPA by emergency department","volume":"9","author":"Gervaise","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2020.04.001","article-title":"Acute pulmonary embolism in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"101","author":"Cellina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagn. Interv. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brogna, B., Brogna, C., Martino, A., Minichiello, S., Romeo, D.M., Romano, P., Bignardi, E., Mazza, E.M., and Musto, L. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Different Radiological Insights. Diagnostics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10050283"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., Gao, R., Zheng, Y., and Jiang, L. (2020). COVID-19 with spontaneous pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. J. Travel Med.","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa062"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.05.012","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19 patient: Case report","volume":"13","author":"Ucpinar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect Public Health"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e235861","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-235861","article-title":"Tension pneumothorax in a patient with COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Flower","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Secondary tension pneumothorax in a COVID-19 pneumonia patient: A case report","volume":"18","author":"Spiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infection"}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/10\/7\/498\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:50:00Z","timestamp":1760176200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/10\/7\/498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics10070498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics10070498","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]}}}