{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T07:25:47Z","timestamp":1780730747959,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>: The aim of this study was to find a prenatal parameter to be able to predict possible prenatal complications or postnatal surgical options, thus allowing the fetal medicine specialist, together with pediatric surgeons and neonatologists, to improve the counseling of the parents and to determine the timing of delivery and therapy. This was a retrospective analysis of prenatal diagnosis and outcome of fetuses with 34 cases of gastroschisis between the years 2007 and 2017. A total of 34 fetuses with gastroschisis were examined and 33 outcomes registered: 22 cases of simple gastroschisis (66.7%) and 11 cases of complex gastroschisis (33.3%). A cut-off value of 18 mm for intraabdominal bowel dilatation (IABD) showed a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% for predicting simple gastroschisis. IABD gives the best prediction for simple versus complex gastroschisis (cut-off of 18 mm). Extra-abdominal bowel dilatation (EABD) cut-off values of 10 mm and 18 mm showed low sensitivity and specificity to predict complex gastroschisis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10080540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T04:15:31Z","timestamp":1596168931000},"page":"540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prenatal Prediction of Outcome by Fetal Gastroschisis in a Tertiary Referral Center"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Nitzsche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinic of Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Fitze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Clinic of Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"R\u00fcdiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cahit","family":"Birdir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinic of Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30176","article-title":"The embryology of body wall closure: Relevance to gastroschisis and other ventral body wall defects","volume":"148","author":"Sadler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20735","article-title":"Updated national birth prevalence estimates for selected birth defects in the United States, 2004-2006","volume":"88","author":"Parker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. Part A Clin. Mol. Teratol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20294","article-title":"National estimates and race\/ethnic-specific variation of selected birth defects in the United States, 1999\u20132001","volume":"76","author":"Canfield","year":"2006","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. Part A Clin. Mol. Teratol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2007.00820.x","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of gastroschisis in Europe 1980-2002: A phenomenon restricted to younger mothers?","volume":"21","author":"Loane","year":"2007","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-010-2676-4","article-title":"Intestinal atresia in association with gastroschisis: A 26-year review","volume":"26","author":"Kronfli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2007.04.032","article-title":"Risk stratification of 4344 patients with gastroschisis into simple and complex categories","volume":"42","author":"Arnold","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31607","article-title":"Gastroschisis and Associated Defects: An International Study","volume":"143","author":"Mastroiacovo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"53","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis ofgastroschisis: Development of objective sonographic criteria for predicting outcome","volume":"81","author":"Langer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.01.027","article-title":"Is early delivery beneficial in gastroschisis?","volume":"49","author":"Carnaghan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1360163","article-title":"Polyhydramnios: Causes, Diagnosis and Therapy","volume":"73","author":"Hamza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe Und Frauenheilkd."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2011.11.022","article-title":"Gastroschisis with intestinal atresia-predictive value of antenatal diagnosis and outcome of postnatal treatment","volume":"47","author":"Ghionzoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-010-2600-y","article-title":"Antenatal bowel dilatation in gastroschisis: A bad sign?","volume":"26","author":"Mears","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2007.07.005","article-title":"Gastroschisis: What is the average gestational age of spontaneous delivery?","volume":"42","author":"Lausman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000053","article-title":"Diagnosis of abdominal wall defects in the first trimester","volume":"26","author":"Tassin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.06.005","article-title":"Rethinking the fear avoidance model: Toward a multidimensional framework of pain-related disability","volume":"154","author":"Wideman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1159\/000103295","article-title":"Gastroschisis: Growth Patterns and a Proposed Prenatal Surveillance Protocol","volume":"22","author":"Netta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2009.02.006","article-title":"Delivery of gastroschisis patients before 37 weeks of gestation is associated with increased morbidities","volume":"44","author":"Maramreddy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.04.032","article-title":"Metaanalysis of the prevalence of intrauterine fetal death in gastroschisis","volume":"209","author":"South","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03183.x","article-title":"Is complex gastroschisis predictable by prenatal ultrasound?","volume":"119","author":"Kuleva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(00)90214-8","article-title":"The effects of intraamniotic human neonatal urine and meconium on the intestines of the chick embryo with gastroschisis","volume":"35","author":"Olguner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(90)90745-U","article-title":"Etiology of intestinal damage in gastroschisis, II. Timing and reversibility of histological changes, mucosal function, and contractility","volume":"25","author":"Langer","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2001.28846","article-title":"Intestinal damage in gastroschisis correlates with the concentration of intraamniotic meconium","volume":"36","author":"Api","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb09975.x","article-title":"Intra-amniotic inflammation in human gastroschisis: Possible aetiology of postnatal bowel dysfunction","volume":"105","author":"Morrison","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-965744","article-title":"Preliminary report on elective preterm delivery at 34 weeks and primary abdominal closure for the management of gastroschisis","volume":"18","author":"Serra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.07.047","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of elective preterm delivery of fetuses with gastroschisis","volume":"40","author":"Logghe","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2007.12.050","article-title":"Early elective cesarean delivery before 36 weeks vs. late spontaneous delivery in infants with gastroschisis","volume":"43","author":"Hadidi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"E80","article-title":"Profile of infants born to drug-using mothers: A state-wide audit","volume":"49","author":"Oei","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-312394","article-title":"Mode of delivery and outcomes of infants with gastroschisis: A meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"103","author":"Kirollos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1036","article-title":"Gastroschisis: One year outcomes from national cohort study","volume":"343","author":"Bradnock","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ (Online)"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7514","article-title":"Prenatal ultrasound in the prediction of bowel obstruction in infants with gastroschisis","volume":"35","author":"Contro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.21888","article-title":"Ultrasound markers for prediction of complex gastroschisis and adverse outcome: Longitudinal prospective nationwide cohort study","volume":"55","author":"Lap","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obs. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20367","article-title":"Fetal intra-abdominal bowel dilation in prediction of complex gastroschisis","volume":"54","author":"Andrade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obs. Gynecol."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/10\/8\/540\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:53:08Z","timestamp":1760176388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/10\/8\/540"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics10080540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics10080540","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]}}}