{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T15:33:02Z","timestamp":1785166382535,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":176,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,16]],"date-time":"2020-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A growing amount of evidence prompts us to update the first version of recommendations for lung ultrasound in internal medicine (POLLUS-IM) that was published in 2018. The recommendations were established in several stages, consisting of: literature review, assessment of literature data quality (with the application of QUADAS, QUADAS-2 and GRADE criteria) and expert evaluation carried out consistently with the modified Delphi method (three rounds of on-line discussions, followed by a secret ballot by the panel of experts after each completed discussion). Publications to be analyzed were selected from the following databases: Pubmed, Medline, OVID, and Embase. New reports published as of October 2019 were added to the existing POLLUS-IM database used for the original publication of 2018. Altogether, 528 publications were systematically reviewed, including 253 new reports published between September 2017 and October 2019. The new recommendations concern the following conditions and issues: pneumonia, heart failure, monitoring dialyzed patients\u2019 hydration status, assessment of pleural effusion, pulmonary embolism and diaphragm function assessment. POLLUS-IM 2020 recommendations were established primarily for clinicians who utilize lung ultrasound in their everyday clinical work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10080597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T04:35:51Z","timestamp":1597638951000},"page":"597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Recommendations for Lung Ultrasound in Internal Medicine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9356-2736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Buda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Connective Tissue Diseases and Geriatrics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-365 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6721-1601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Kosiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-365 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7454-521X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"We\u0142nicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Skoczylas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Department, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Olszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gerontology, Public Health and Didactics, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Piotrkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Independent Public Health Care Facility of the Ministry of the Internal Affairs with the Oncology in Olsztyn, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1796-7659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szymon","family":"Skoczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumonology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Radzikowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"III Department of Lung Diseases and Oncology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4239-4776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Jassem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0901-118X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta Magdalena","family":"Grabczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Kwa\u015bniewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Department, Mother and Child Institute, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gebhard","family":"Mathis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Ultrasound in the Austrian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 1100 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tudor P.","family":"Toma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Respiratory Physician and Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer, King\u2019s College University Hospital Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust, London SE6 2LR, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.15557\/JoU.2018.0030","article-title":"Polish recommendations for lung ultrasound in internal medicine (POLLUS-IM)","volume":"18","author":"Buda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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