{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:47:15Z","timestamp":1790635635409,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19K09961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19K09961"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To determine a correlation between temperature and blood flow in the ocular anterior segment, and their effects on corneal temperature. Methods: In experiment 1, we recruited 40 eyes and measured the temperature and blood flow in the ocular anterior-segment (upper\/lower eyelid skin, palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, and cornea) before and after application of warm compresses. In experiment 2, we recruited 20 eyes and measured the same tissues before and during stimulation using water and capsaicin solution in the oral cavity. Results: In experiment 1, the temperatures of the upper\/lower eyelid skin and cornea increased significantly until 15 min after the application of the warm compress; the temperatures of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva increased significantly until 10 min. The blood flow in the upper\/lower eyelid skin and bulbar conjunctiva increased significantly until 10 min, and that of the palpebral conjunctiva increased significantly until 15 min. In experiment 2, the temperatures were correlated significantly with the blood flow in the upper and lower eyelid skin and palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva. The temperature of all locations and palpebral conjunctival blood flow contributed independently to the corneal temperature. Conclusions: In the ocular anterior segment, the temperature and blood flow were correlated significantly, and contributed to the corneal temperature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10090695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T10:24:09Z","timestamp":1600165449000},"page":"695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Correlation between Blood Flow and Temperature of the Ocular Anterior Segment in Normal Subjects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8999-7833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Itokawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan"},{"name":"Ishizuchi Eye Clinic, Ehime 792-0811, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukinobu","family":"Okajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuhiko","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8223-2267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroko","family":"Iwashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Gotoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Kakisu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuto","family":"Tei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3781-7976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuichi","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63912-7.00018-7","article-title":"Efferent thermoregulatory pathways regulating cutaneous blood flow and sweating","volume":"156","author":"McAllen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handb. 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