{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:53:52Z","timestamp":1790819632864,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2054\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2054\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Musculoskeletal pain (MSP), specifically low back pain (LBP), is often associated with several adipose tissue-derived cytokines (adipokines) and body composition, but their correlations with the LBP-related disability\/severity phenotypes remain poorly understood. In this cross-sectional study, two self-reported validated questionnaires were used to collect back pain and disability data in an ethnically homogeneous family-based population sample (N = 1078). Plasma levels of relatively new adipokines, vaspin and adipsin, were detected by ELISA. Body composition parameters, including fat, skeletal muscle mass, extracellular water (ECW), and others were assessed through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technology. Statistical analysis was conducted, accounting for the familial composition of the sample. The multiple regression analyses with four LBP-related phenotypes as dependent variables consistently showed, for the first time, the significant associations with vaspin levels, regardless of other covariates. The odds ratios (OR)\/SD ranged between 1.24 (95%CI = 1.03\u20131.50) and 1.33 (95%CI = 1.07\u20131.64), depending on the LBP phenotype. Among the tested body composition covariates, only ECW levels displayed consistent and highly significant associations with all tested LBP phenotypes (OR from 1.43, 95%CI = 1.14\u20131.79 to 1.68, 95%CI = 1.26\u20132.24). The results clearly suggest that circulating concentrations of vaspin and ECW levels could serve as biomarkers of MSP\/LBP severity and complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10100797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T08:52:41Z","timestamp":1602147161000},"page":"797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Circulating Levels of Visceral Adipose Tissue-Derived Serine Protease Inhibitor (Vaspin) Appear as a Marker of Musculoskeletal Pain Disability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0566-9673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nader","family":"Tarabeih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kalinkovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Shalata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Simon Winter Institute for Human Genetics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Livshits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel"},{"name":"Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamont, L.A., Tranquilli, W.J., and Grimm, K.A. (2000). Physiology of Pain. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pr., 30.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(08)70003-2"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30480-X","article-title":"What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention","volume":"391","author":"Hartvigsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5729-3","article-title":"The effect of muscle ageing and sarcopenia on spinal segmental loads","volume":"27","author":"Ignasiak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2019.0125","article-title":"Sarcopenia and Back Muscle Degeneration as Risk Factors for Back Pain: A Comparative Study","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afos.2017.09.001","article-title":"Sarcopenia in elderly patients with chronic low back pain","volume":"3","author":"Sakai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Sarcopenia"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.01.011","article-title":"Growth and differentiation factor 15 is a biomarker for low back pain-associated disability","volume":"117","author":"Tarabeih","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.160","article-title":"Role of cytokines in intervertebral disc degeneration: Pain and disc content","volume":"10","author":"Risbud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22603\/ssrr.2017-0095","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"3","author":"Rider","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine Surg. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20141191","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.1191","article-title":"Inflammation in intervertebral disc degeneration and regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Molinos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"523","article-title":"Inflammatory mediators and signalling pathways controlling intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"32","author":"Navone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-3154-3","article-title":"A systematic review of the role of inflammatory biomarkers in acute, subacute and chronic non-specific low back pain","volume":"21","author":"Morris","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hider, S.L., Konstantinou, K., Hay, E.M., Glossop, J., and Mattey, D.L. (2019). Inflammatory biomarkers do not distinguish between patients with sciatica and referred leg pain within a primary care population: Results from a nested study within the ATLAS cohort. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2604-2"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiz-Fern\u00e1ndez, C., Francisco, V., Pino, J., Mera, A., Gonz\u00e1lez-Gay, M.A., G\u00f3mez, R., Lago, F., and Gualillo, O. (2019). Molecular Relationships among Obesity, Inflammation and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Are Adipokines the Common Link?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20082030"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002582","article-title":"Exploration of the inter-relationships between obesity, physical inactivity, inflammation, and low back pain","volume":"43","author":"Hashem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine (Phila. Pa. 1976)"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00277.x","article-title":"Nature or nurture in low back pain? Results of a systematic review of studies based on twin samples","volume":"17","author":"Ferreira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.1734920.460","article-title":"Visceral obesity and chronic pain: Effect of a 4-week rehabilitation program on adipokines and insulin resistance","volume":"13","author":"Metivier","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exerc. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-014-2416-9","article-title":"Adipokines correlate with pain in lower limb osteoarthritis: Different associations in hip and knee","volume":"38","author":"Bas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.11.010","article-title":"Differential involvement of synovial adipokines in pain and physical function in female patients with knee osteoarthritis. A cross-sectional study","volume":"26","author":"Calvet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cart."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, A. (2018). The Role of Adipokines in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Med. Sci., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci6020034"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.49","article-title":"Adipokines in bone disease","volume":"12","author":"Neumann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn007","article-title":"The association between obesity and the prevalence of low back pain in young adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study","volume":"167","author":"Shiri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montagnana, M., Fava, C., Targher, G., Franchini, M., Danese, E., Bonafini, S., De Cata, A., Salvagno, G.L., Ruzzenente, O., and Guidi, G.C. (2017). Plasma Leptin in Patients at Intermediate to High Cardiovascular Risk With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J. Clin. Lab. Anal., 31.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22031"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key181","article-title":"High in vivo levels of adipsin lead to increased knee tissue degradation in osteoarthritis: Data from humans and animal models","volume":"57","author":"Tardif","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brady, S.R.E., Mousa, A., Naderpoor, N., de Courten, M.P.J., Cicuttini, F., and de Courten, B. (2018). Adipsin Concentrations Are Associated with Back Pain Independently of Adiposity in Overweight or Obese Adults. Front. Physiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00093"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.196","article-title":"Vaspin is related to gender, puberty and deteriorating insulin sensitivity in children","volume":"35","author":"Neef","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/861496","article-title":"Associations between Tissue Visfatin\/Nicotinamide, Phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), Retinol Binding Protein-4, and Vaspin Concentrations and Insulin Resistance in Morbidly Obese Subjects","volume":"2013","author":"Goktas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.07.026","article-title":"Higher vaspin levels in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-18-0528","article-title":"Vaspin promotes insulin sensitivity in elderly muscle and is upregulated in obesity","volume":"241","author":"Nicholson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-020-0429-5","article-title":"Vaspin antagonizes high fat-induced bone loss in rats and promotes osteoblastic differentiation in primary rat osteoblasts through Smad-Runx2 signaling pathway","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562957","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2562957","article-title":"The Association between Imaging Parameters of the Paraspinal Muscles, Spinal Degeneration, and Low Back Pain","volume":"2017","author":"Kalichman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2017.03.003","article-title":"Correlation of Body Composition and Low Back Pain Severity in a Cross-Section of US Veterans","volume":"40","author":"Okamoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Manip. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walsh, T.P., Arnold, J.B., Evans, A.M., Yaxley, A., Damarell, R.A., and Shanahan, E.M. (2018). The association between body fat and musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2137-0"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Endo, T., Abe, T., Akai, K., Kijima, T., Takeda, M., Yamasaki, M., Isomura, M., Nabika, T., and Yano, S. (2019). Height loss but not body composition is related to low back pain in community-dwelling elderlies: Shimane CoHRE study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2580-6"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heuch, I., Heuch, I., Hagen, K., and Zwart, J.A. (2015). A comparison of anthropometric measures for assessing the association between body size and risk of chronic low back pain: The HUNT study. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141268"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1242-z","article-title":"Fat mass and fat distribution are associated with low back pain intensity and disability: Results from a cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Hussain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-1953-4","article-title":"High baseline fat mass, but not lean tissue mass, is associated with high intensity low back pain and disability in community-based adults","volume":"21","author":"Brady","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015503329989","article-title":"Familial history, age and smoking are important risk factors for disc degeneration disease in Arabic pedigrees","volume":"17","author":"Livshits","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199811150-00012","article-title":"Natural history of low back pain. A longitudinal study in nurses","volume":"23","author":"Smedley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20150420","article-title":"Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and Oswestry Disability Index: Which Has Better Measurement Properties for Measuring Physical Functioning in Nonspecific Low Back Pain? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"96","author":"Chiarotto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00006","article-title":"The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire","volume":"25","author":"Roland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511093331906","article-title":"Regulation of cell volume in health and disease","volume":"333","author":"McManus","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/ahg.12074","article-title":"Low back and common widespread pain share common genetic determinants","volume":"78","author":"Malkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Falconer, D.S., Douglas, S., and Mackay, T.F.C. (1996). Introduction to Quantitative Genetics, Longman."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31822f0a0d","article-title":"Chronic Low Back Pain","volume":"36","author":"Fourney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.2621","article-title":"Vaspin (serpinA12) in obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Heiker","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pept. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/823481","article-title":"The Role of Vaspin in the Development of Metabolic and Glucose Tolerance Disorders and Atherosclerosis","volume":"2015","author":"Dimova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25578","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25578","article-title":"Vaspin regulates the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 through the PI3K-Akt\/miR-34c loop","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"3447","article-title":"Expression of vaspin in the joint and the levels in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis","volume":"7","author":"Bao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.08.083","article-title":"Vaspin protects vascular endothelial cells against free fatty acid-induced apoptosis through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt pathway","volume":"413","author":"Jung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bao, J., Xu, L., Ran, J., Xiong, Y., and Wu, L. (2017). Vaspin prevents leptin-induced inflammation and catabolism by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-\u03baB in rat chondrocytes. Mol. Med. Rep., 16.","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6911"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.04.110","article-title":"Vaspin prevents myocardial injury in rats model of diabetic cardiomyopathy by enhancing autophagy and inhibiting inflammation","volume":"514","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1045","article-title":"Serum Vaspin Concentrations in Human Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"57","author":"Youn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1202","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3297","article-title":"Serum Vaspin Concentrations Are Closely Related to Insulin Resistance, and rs77060950 at SERPINA12 Genetically Defines Distinct Group with Higher Serum Levels in Japanese Population","volume":"97","author":"Teshigawara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-012-0305-z","article-title":"Low Back Pain and Lumbar Spine Osteoarthritis: How Are They Related?","volume":"15","author":"Goode","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-018-2579-4","article-title":"Roles of inflammation, neurogenic inflammation, and neuroinflammation in pain","volume":"33","author":"Matsuda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1515\/bmc-2012-0001","article-title":"The role of hyperosmotic stress in inflammation and disease","volume":"3","author":"Brocker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomol. Concepts"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.03.028","article-title":"Mechanics and biology in intervertebral disc degeneration: A vicious circle","volume":"23","author":"Vergroesen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cart."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602521","article-title":"The altered fluid distribution in obesity may reflect plasma hypertonicity","volume":"61","author":"Stookey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30229","article-title":"NF-AT5 is a critical regulator of inflammatory arthritis","volume":"63","author":"Yoon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serra-Prat, M., Lorenzo, I., Palomera, E., Y\u00e9benes, J., Campins, L., and Cabr\u00e9, M. (2019). Intracellular Water Content in Lean Mass is Associated with Muscle Strength, Functional Capacity, and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals. A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030661"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamada, Y., Yoshida, T., Yokoyama, K., Watanabe, Y., Miyake, M., Yamagata, E., Yamada, M., and Kimura, M. (2016). The Extracellular to Intracellular Water Ratio in Upper Legs is Negatively Associated With Skeletal Muscle Strength and Gait Speed in Older People. J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., glw125.","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw125"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1129-y","article-title":"Total Body Water and Intracellular Water Relationships with Muscle Strength, Frailty and Functional Performance in an Elderly Population. A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"23","author":"Lorenzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Heal. Aging"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2017.05.007","article-title":"Obesity risk prediction among women of Upper Egypt: The impact of serum vaspin and vaspin rs2236242 gene polymorphism","volume":"626","author":"Sayed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2478\/bjmg-2019-0013","article-title":"Associations between vaspin rs2236242 gene polymorphism, walking time and the risk of metabolic syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Suliga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Balk. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1502-138","article-title":"The association of vaspin rs2236242 and leptin rs7799039 polymorphism with metabolic syndrome in Egyptian women","volume":"46","author":"Alnory","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turk. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1127\/anthranz\/62\/2004\/51","article-title":"Contribution of genetic and environmental factors to variation in body compartments\u2014A twin study in adults","volume":"62","author":"Hanisch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anthropol. Anzeiger"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-0942","article-title":"The serum concentrations of leptin and MCP-1 independently predict low back pain duration","volume":"55","author":"Lippi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-015-8709-2","article-title":"Exploratory study for identifying systemic biomarkers that correlate with pain response in patients with intervertebral disc disorders","volume":"63","author":"Weber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00361","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20160187","article-title":"Inflammation in low back pain may be detected from the peripheral blood: Suggestions for biomarker","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/10\/10\/797\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:17:18Z","timestamp":1760177838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/10\/10\/797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics10100797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics10100797","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]}}}