{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T02:33:47Z","timestamp":1780626827565,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Foundation of Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark","award":["No Grant Number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No Grant Number"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Increased sympathetic activity is suggested to be part of the pathogenesis in several diseases. Methods to evaluate sympathetic activity and renal nervous denervation procedural success are lacking. Scintigraphy using the norepinephrine analog Iodine-123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) might provide information on renal sympathetic nervous activity. Renal transplantation induces complete denervation of the kidney and as such represents an ideal model to evaluate the renal 123I-MIBG scintigraphy method. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether renal 123I-MIBG scintigraphy can detect changes in renal sympathetic nervous activity following renal transplantation. Renal 123I-MIBG scintigraphy was performed in eleven renal transplant recipients at 1, 3, and 6 months following transplantation and in their respective living donors prior to their kidney donation. Relative uptake as well as washout was obtained. In transplanted patients, the relative 4 h uptake of 123I-MIBG, as measured by the kidney\/background ratio, was 2.7 (0.4) (mean (SD)), 2.7 (0.5), and 2.5 (0.4) at 1, 3, and 6 months post-transplantation, respectively, as compared with the 4.0 (0.4) value in the donor kidney before donor nephrectomy (p &lt; 0.01). There was no significant change in washout-rate between pre-transplantation and any of the follow-up time points. Living donor kidney transplantation was at 6 months post transplantation, associated with an almost 40% reduction in the relative 4 h 123I-MIBG uptake of the kidney. Further studies will help to fully establish its implications as a marker of renal innervation or denervation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10100802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T10:19:23Z","timestamp":1602238763000},"page":"802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Renal 123I-MIBG Uptake before and after Live-Donor Kidney Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine &amp; PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3908-3013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"de Nijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine &amp; PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lene","family":"Kj\u00e6r Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Lise","family":"Kamper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Evi Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Frimodt-M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte University Hospital, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Kelb\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Schwartz S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2706-5547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Kj\u00e6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine &amp; PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Feldt-Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8466-8515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesper","family":"Hastrup Svendsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Hasbak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine &amp; PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212313272704","article-title":"Sympathetic Overactivity in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure","volume":"327","author":"Converse","year":"1992","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000034043.16664.96","article-title":"Sympathetic Nerve Activity in End-Stage Renal Disease","volume":"106","author":"Hausberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.164780","article-title":"Early Sympathetic Activation in the Initial Clinical Stages of Chronic Renal Failure","volume":"57","author":"Grassi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0870013","article-title":"The Transplanted Human Kidney Does Not Achieve Functional Reinnervation","volume":"87","author":"Hansen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-197002000-00020","article-title":"The intrinsic innervation of human renal homotransplants","volume":"9","author":"Norvell","year":"1970","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197007302830502","article-title":"Neural Degeneration and Regeneration in Human Renal Transplants","volume":"283","author":"Gazdar","year":"1970","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60566-3","article-title":"Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: A multicentre safety and proof-of-principle cohort study","volume":"373","author":"Krum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62039-9","article-title":"Renal sympathetic denervation in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension (The Symplicity HTN-2 Trial): A randomised controlled trial","volume":"376","author":"Esler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.05.038","article-title":"A Controlled Trial of Renal Denervation for Resistant Hypertension","volume":"60","author":"Bhatt","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0031333","article-title":"The functions of the renal nerves","volume":"94","author":"DiBona","year":"1982","journal-title":"Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/00041552-200203000-00011","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous system and the kidney in hypertension","volume":"11","author":"DiBona","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"96","article-title":"Radiolabeled meta-iodobenzylguanidine: Pharmacology and clinical studies","volume":"1","author":"Sisson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"22","article-title":"Myocardial imaging with a radioiodinated norepinephrine storage analog","volume":"22","author":"Wieland","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1008","article-title":"Plasma membrane monoamine transporters: Structure, regulation and function","volume":"4","author":"Torres","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"129","article-title":"Myocardial imaging in man with I-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine","volume":"22","author":"Kline","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00256941","article-title":"Glomerular filtration rate and the kinetics of 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine","volume":"15","author":"Blake","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwase, S. (2016). Clinical Assessment of the Autonomic Nervous System, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-56012-8"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.111.184986","article-title":"Competitive Inhibition of the Luminal Efflux by Multidrug and Toxin Extrusions, but Not Basolateral Uptake by Organic Cation Transporter 2, Is the Likely Mechanism Underlying the Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions Caused by Cimetidine in the Kidney","volume":"340","author":"Ito","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.058701","article-title":"Usefulness of 123I-MIBG scintigraphy in the evaluation of patients with known or suspected primary or metastatic pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma: Results from a prospective multicenter trial","volume":"50","author":"Wiseman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.01.014","article-title":"Myocardial iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine imaging and cardiac events in heart failure. Results of the prospective ADMIRE-HF (AdreView Myocardial Imaging for Risk Evaluation in Heart Failure) study","volume":"55","author":"Jacobson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00463-Z","article-title":"Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphic assessment of the transplanted human heart: Evidence for late reinnervation","volume":"25","author":"Dae","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000000513","article-title":"Diffuse Elevated MIBG Activity in the Renal Parenchyma Caused by Compromised Renal Blood Flow","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000000510","article-title":"123I MIBG Appearance of Severe Renal Artery Stenosis","volume":"39","author":"Jordan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.04.049","article-title":"Kidney Transplant 123I-mIBG Scintigraphy and Functional Sympathetic Reinnervation","volume":"66","author":"Dobrowolski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000000901","article-title":"Renal 123I-MIBG Scintigraphy Before and After Kidney Autotransplantation","volume":"40","author":"Dobrowolski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000467482.74696.2f","article-title":"4A.08: Assessing Modulations in Sympathetic Nerve Activity after Renal Sympathetic Denervation Using Renal 123i-Mibg Scintigraphy","volume":"33","author":"Dobrowolski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2013.04.002","article-title":"Nerve physiology: Mechanisms of injury and recovery","volume":"29","author":"Menorca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hand Clin."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201108111","article-title":"Axon degeneration: Molecular mechanisms of a self-destruction pathway","volume":"196","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-005-1810-3","article-title":"Influence of collimator choice and simulated clinical conditions on 123I-MIBG heart\/mediastinum ratios: A phantom study","volume":"32","author":"Verberne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s002590050434","article-title":"Influence of high-energy photons on the spectrum of iodine-123 with low- and medium-energy collimators: Consequences for imaging with 123I-labelled compounds in clinical practice","volume":"26","author":"Dobbeleir","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80473-8","article-title":"No reinnervation of hepatic sympathetic nerves after liver transplantation in human subjects","volume":"20","author":"Kjaer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"e003507","article-title":"Mechanistic Insights into Sympathetic Neuronal RegenerationCLINICAL PERSPECTIVE","volume":"8","author":"Bravo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2003.817281","article-title":"A generalized model for the conversion from ct numbers to linear attenuation coefficients","volume":"50","author":"Bai","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3938\/jkps.67.123","article-title":"Effects of the difference in tube voltage of the CT scanner on dose calculation","volume":"67","author":"Rhee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Korean Phys. Soc."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Hubbell, J.H., and Seltzer, S.M. (2015, August 20). Tables of X-ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients and Mass Energy-Absorption Coefficients from 1 keV to 20 MeV for Elements Z = 1 to 92 and 48 Additional Substances of Dosimetric Interest, Available online: http:\/\/physics.nist.gov\/PhysRefData\/XrayMassCoef\/tab4.html."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/10\/10\/802\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:17:53Z","timestamp":1760177873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/10\/10\/802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics10100802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics10100802","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]}}}