{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T22:48:40Z","timestamp":1788648520935,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most frequent anomaly of the venous drainage system. While both a right and left superior vena cava (SVC) are usually present, a unique, left-sided SVC, also known as an isolated PLSVC, accounts for only 10\u201320% of cases. It is frequently associated with arrhythmias and other congenital cardiac anomalies. Though it is usually an asymptomatic condition, it may pose significant problems whenever central venous access is needed. We report a case of an isolated PLSVC that was diagnosed incidentally during pacemaker implantation for sinus node dysfunction. The venous anomaly was associated with subvalvular aortic stenosis determined by a subaortic membrane; this particular association of congenital cardiovascular anomalies is a rare finding, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We aim to highlight the clinical and practical implications of this condition, as well as to discuss the embryonic development and diagnostic methods of this congenital defect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10100847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T20:44:41Z","timestamp":1603140281000},"page":"847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava with Absent Right Superior Vena Cava and Discrete Subaortic Stenosis Diagnosed in a Patient with Sick Sinus Syndrome: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1218-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Dem\u0219a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital \u201cSf. Spiridon\u201d, Bd. Independen\u021bei nr. 1, 700111 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Cri\u0219u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital \u201cSf. Spiridon\u201d, Bd. Independen\u021bei nr. 1, 700111 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian Mihai \u0218tefan","family":"Haba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital \u201cSf. Spiridon\u201d, Bd. Independen\u021bei nr. 1, 700111 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cGrigore.T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, str. Universitatii nr. 16, 700083 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea Maria","family":"Ursaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital \u201cSf. Spiridon\u201d, Bd. Independen\u021bei nr. 1, 700111 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vlad-Adrian","family":"Afr\u0103s\u00e2nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, \u201cGrigore.T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, str. Universitatii nr. 16, 700083 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina Iuliana","family":"Costache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital \u201cSf. Spiridon\u201d, Bd. Independen\u021bei nr. 1, 700111 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cGrigore.T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, str. Universitatii nr. 16, 700083 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoniu Octavian","family":"Petri\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital \u201cSf. Spiridon\u201d, Bd. Independen\u021bei nr. 1, 700111 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cGrigore.T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, str. Universitatii nr. 16, 700083 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1007-3022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan Nicolae","family":"Tesloianu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital \u201cSf. Spiridon\u201d, Bd. Independen\u021bei nr. 1, 700111 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.16.4.423","article-title":"The left-sided superior vena cava","volume":"16","author":"Campbell","year":"1954","journal-title":"Br. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeFaria Yeh, D., and Bhatt, A. (2018). Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava. Adult Congenital Heart Disease in Clinical Practice, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67420-9"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00314-7","article-title":"Absent right superior vena cava in visceroatrial situs solitus","volume":"80","author":"Bartram","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. 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