{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T05:29:51Z","timestamp":1770701391743,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":168,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this review, we will evaluate how high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway are critical for proper cardiovascular\u2013renal physiology. We will begin by reviewing the basic concepts of HDL cholesterol synthesis and pathway regulation, followed by cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) pathophysiology. After explaining how the HDL and RCT pathways become dysfunctional through oxidative processes, we will elaborate on the potential role of HDL dysfunction in CRS. We will then present findings on how HDL function and the inducible antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are interconnected and how induction of HO-1 is protective against HDL dysfunction and important for the proper functioning of the cardiovascular\u2013renal system. This will substantiate the proposal of HO-1 as a novel therapeutic target to prevent HDL dysfunction and, consequently, cardiovascular disease, renal dysfunction, and the onset of CRS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10110976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T09:46:18Z","timestamp":1605865578000},"page":"976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["OX-HDL: A Starring Role in Cardiorenal Syndrome and the Effects of Heme Oxygenase-1 Intervention"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6847-3969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abu","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amardeep K.","family":"Kalsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuyang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ragin","family":"Alex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8983-1959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nader G.","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1053\/hj.1999.v137.95495","article-title":"Hospitalization of patients with heart failure: National Hospital Discharge Survey, 1985 to 1995","volume":"137","author":"Haldeman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-6686.2010.00171.x","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease","volume":"36","author":"Foley","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ren. 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