{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:23:59Z","timestamp":1760239439625,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004332","name":"Seoul National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03-2017-0040","03-2018-0050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03-2017-0040","03-2018-0050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003648","name":"National Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMC2017-MS-05","NMC2020-MS-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMC2017-MS-05","NMC2020-MS-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Serological tests offer the potential in order to improve the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a protective role in infection control in TB; however, to date, no studies on antibody responses to MIF have been reported. We measured immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG responses to MIF in individuals with either active tuberculosis (ATB; n = 65), latent tuberculosis (LTBI; n = 53), or in non-infected individuals (NI; n = 62). The QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assay was used in order to screen for LTBI. The level of IgA against MIF was significantly lower in LTBI and ATB patients than in NI individuals, was significantly related to LTBI and ATB diagnosis, and it could discriminate between LTBI and ATB. In contrast, the level of IgG against MIF was significantly lower in LTBI patients than in NI individuals and was significantly related to LTBI diagnosis. Anti-MIF IgG levels were significantly lower in AFB-negative TB, minimal TB, and new ATB patients, than in the NI group. IgA and IgG levels against MIF both showed significant negative correlations with IFN-\u03b3 levels, as assessed using the QFT-GIT test. Although none of the antibodies could achieve high diagnostic predictive power individually, our results suggest the possibility of using IgA antibody responses to MIF in the diagnosis of LTBI and ATB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10110991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T02:34:42Z","timestamp":1606185282000},"page":"991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Usefulness of the IgA and IgG Responses to Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7026-8235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Yeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byoung-Jun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jee-min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junghyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joon-Sung","family":"Joh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Hoh","family":"Kook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0085-6709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bum-Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020, August 31). 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