{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T09:17:10Z","timestamp":1782811030421,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006668","name":"Fondo para la Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT N\u00ba0852 2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT N\u00ba0852 2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibodies are the most used technological tool in histochemistry. However, even with monoclonal antibodies, their standardization is difficult due to variation of biological systems as well as to variability due to the affinity and amplification of the signal arising from secondary peroxidase detection systems. In this article we combined two synthetic molecules to facilitate the standardization of a detection protocol of protein markers in histological sections. The first molecule was an aptamer, a 50-base single-stranded DNA fragment, which recognizes a PTEN tumor suppressor. The second molecule used was also another single stranded 18-base aptamer DNA fragment, which forms a quadruplex structure guanine box. This G-quadruplex recognizes and attaches a molecule of hemin, increasing the catalytic capacity for the hydrogen peroxide. Our results show how the correct structural design of DNA combining an aptamer together with the peroxidase-like DNAzyme allows to detect proteins in histological sections. This tool offers the standardization of the detection of prognostic markers in cancer, in quality and quantity, due to its synthetic nature and its 1:1 antigen:enzyme ratio. This is the first time that reproducible results have been presented in histological sections staining a cancer marker using a single-stranded DNA molecule with dual function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11020171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T00:38:16Z","timestamp":1611621496000},"page":"171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["One Step Histological Detection and Staining of the PTEN Tumor Suppressor Protein by a Single Strand DNA"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Gloria","family":"Longinotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanomateriales Funcionales, INTI-Micro y Nanotecnolog\u00edas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog\u00eda Industrial (INTI), Av. Gral. Paz 5445, San Mart\u00edn B1650WAB, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9931-0380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Ybarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanomateriales Funcionales, INTI-Micro y Nanotecnolog\u00edas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog\u00eda Industrial (INTI), Av. Gral. Paz 5445, San Mart\u00edn B1650WAB, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Vighi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Anatom\u00eda Patol\u00f3gica, Ciudad de la Paz 353, Buenos Aires C1426AGE, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Perandones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction of the A.N.L.I.S., Directorate National Administration of Laboratories and Institutes of Health \u201cDr. Carlos G. Malbr\u00e1n\u201d, Av. V\u00e9lez Sarsfield 563, Buenos Aires C1282AFF, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1879-8044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Montserrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, J. M. Guti\u00e9rrez 1150, Los Polvorines B1613GSX, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Sebastian","family":"Yakisich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23693, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Grasselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Materiales Biotecnol\u00f3gicos (LaMaBio), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, GBE yB, Grupo Vinculado IMBICE-CONICET, Roque S\u00e1enz Pe\u00f1a 352, Buenos Aires B1876BXDl, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Radrizzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurolog\u00eda y Citogen\u00e9tica Molecular, (CESyMA), Escuela de Ciencia y T\u00e9cnica, Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn, Av. Gral. Paz 5445, San Mart\u00edn B1650WAB, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/380548a0","article-title":"Genetic selection of peptide aptamers that recognize and inhibit cyclin-dependent kinase 2","volume":"380","author":"Colas","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3141","article-title":"Aptamers as therapeutics","volume":"9","author":"Keefe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2006.03.015","article-title":"Aptamer therapeutics advance","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. 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