{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T10:00:49Z","timestamp":1778320849214,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Kingella kingae is a Gram-negative coccobacillus belonging to the Neisseriaceae family. In children less than 4 years old, K. kingae invasive infection can induce septic arthritis and osteomyelitis, and more rarely endocarditis, meningitis, ocular infections, and pneumonia. In adults, it may be a cause of endocarditis. To date, K. kingae acute chorioamnionitis (AC) leading to preterm rupture of membranes (PPROM) and miscarriage has never been reported. Herein, we describe a case of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) at 22 weeks\u2019 gestation due to K. kingae infection occurred in a patient affected by undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) in lupus erythematosus systemic (LES) evolution with severe neutropenia. K. kingae was isolated in placental subamnionic swab and tissue cultures as well as fetal ear, nose, and pharyngeal swabs. Placental histological examination showed necrotizing AC and funisitis. In the fetus, neutrophils were observed within the alveoli and in the gastrointestinal lumen. Maternal medical treatment for UCTD was modified according to the K. kingae invasive infection. In the event of IUFD due to AC, microbiological cultures on placenta and fetal tissues should always be carried out in order to isolate the etiologic agent and target the correct medical treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11020243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T12:02:10Z","timestamp":1612440130000},"page":"243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Kingella kingae Intrauterine Infection: An Unusual Cause of Chorioamnionitis and Miscarriage in a Patient with Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4889-1944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Paola","family":"Bonasoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale\u2014IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2299-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Palicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale\u2014IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Dalla Dea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Comitini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale\u2014IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Pazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia e Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Russello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale\u2014IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graziella","family":"Bertoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale\u2014IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcellino","family":"Bardaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale\u2014IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Zuelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale\u2014IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6521-5887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Carretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale\u2014IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00028-14","article-title":"Kingella kingae: Carriage, Transmission, and Disease","volume":"28","author":"Yagupsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. 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