{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:29:58Z","timestamp":1791383398818,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial joint and thus is vulnerable to the afflictions that may affect other joints in the fields of rheumatology and orthopedics. Too often temporomandibular complaints are seen strictly as dental or orofacial concerns. Similarly, patients with known rheumatic disease may not have their TMJs included in routine screening and monitoring protocols. The purpose of this review is to highlight the rheumatic conditions likely to affect the TMJ and outline medical and surgical management in these patients with a focus on the need for continued patient reassessment and monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11030409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T20:55:44Z","timestamp":1614459344000},"page":"409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Comprehensive Management of Rheumatic Diseases Affecting the Temporomandibular Joint"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Covert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Duke University Hospitals, Durham, NC 27710, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather Van","family":"Mater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Duke University Hospitals, Durham, NC 27710, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2529-436X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin L.","family":"Hechler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University Hospitals, Durham, NC 27710, USA"},{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University Hospitals, Durham, NC 27710, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1808-8694(15)31117-4","article-title":"Analysis of helkimo and craniomandibular indexes for temporomandibular disorder diagnosis on rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"73","author":"Nogueira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Braz. 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