{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T18:12:43Z","timestamp":1774462363487,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atrial cardiomyopathy (ACM) represents a constantly evolving concept, with increasing importance in contemporary research and clinical practice. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in atrial remodeling and its clinical correlations especially with atrial fibrillation (AF) and other cardiometabolic comorbidities may induce a significant impact on the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic approach of ACM-related comorbidities. Although initially described several decades ago, investigators have only recently highlighted that several renal, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases are determining factors for atrial remodeling and subsequent ACM. Based on data from multiple recent studies, our research emphasizes the correlations between ACM and other coexisting pathologies including cardiovascular, respiratory, or metabolic diseases, with fibrosis being the most incriminated pathophysiological mechanism. In addition to the usual tests, the paraclinical assessment of ACM is increasingly based on the use of various cardiac biomarkers, while the cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has become an increasingly tempting diagnostic too for describing morphofunctional aspects of the heart chambers, with the gadolinium contrast enhanced CMR (LGE-CMR) emerging as a commonly used technique aiming to identify and quantify the precise extent of atrial fibrosis. Further research should be conducted in order to clarify our knowledge regarding atrial remodeling and, therefore, to develop new and improved therapeutic approaches in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11030449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T11:46:09Z","timestamp":1614944769000},"page":"449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Latest Insights into Mechanisms behind Atrial Cardiomyopathy: It Is Not always about Ventricular Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4679-6895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca-Ana","family":"Dmour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2610-6482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu-Stefan","family":"Miftode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Iliescu Halitchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana Teodora","family":"Anton-Paduraru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mother and Child Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Codruta-Olimpiada","family":"Iliescu Halitchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mother and Child Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4131-1019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ionela-Larisa","family":"Miftode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases (Internal Medicine II), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9438-8565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ovidiu","family":"Mitu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8544-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru-Dan","family":"Costache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9865-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celina-Silvia","family":"Stafie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina Iuliana","family":"Costache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"Familial atrial cardiomyopathy with heart block","volume":"34","author":"Nagle","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw161","article-title":"EHRA\/HRS\/APHRS\/SOLAECE expert consensus on atrial cardiomyopathies: Definition, characterization, and clinical implication","volume":"18","author":"Goette","year":"2016","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.11.121","article-title":"Clinical importance of atrial cardiomyopathy","volume":"287","author":"Bukowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. 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