{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T18:33:51Z","timestamp":1793730831050,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To evaluate the expression of genes encoding cytokines, grow factors and cell cycle regulators in the proliferative endometrium of women with chronic endometritis (CE) compared to controls. We performed a case-control study on seven women with CE as diagnosed by hysteroscopy and histology (Cases) compared to six women without CE (Controls). All women underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy plus endometrial biopsy during the mid-proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Endometrial samples were divided into two different aliquots for histological and molecular analyses. The endometrial expression profile of 16 genes encoding proteins involved in the inflammatory process, proliferation and cell cycle regulation\/apoptosis was assessed by using high-throughput qPCR. Study endpoints were between-group differences in the expression of VEGF A, VEGF B, VEGF C, EGF, TNF, TGF B1, IFNG, TP73, TP73L, BAXva, CDC2, CDC2va, CCND3, CCNB1, BAX and IL12. RESULTS: VEGF A, VEGF B, VEGF C, EGF, TNF, TGF B1, IFNG, TP73, TP73L, BAXva, CDC2, CDC2va, CCND3, CCNB1 were significantly overexpressed in women with CE compared to controls, while BAX and IL12 had similar expression between groups. In women with CE, we found an altered endometrial expression of genes involved in inflammatory, cell proliferation, and apoptosis processes. The dominance of proliferative and anti-apoptotic activity in CE may potentially promote the development of polyps and hyperplastic lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11030471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T12:12:18Z","timestamp":1615205538000},"page":"471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Altered Gene Expression Encoding Cytochines, Grow Factors and Cell Cycle Regulators in the Endometrium of Women with Chronic Endometritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ettore","family":"Cicinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncologic Science, Policlinico University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2824-5435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amerigo","family":"Vitagliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Loizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncologic Science, Policlinico University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"De Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ob Gyn and Reproductive Medicine, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0128-9745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margherita","family":"Fanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bettocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncologic Science, Policlinico University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Nardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncologic Science, Policlinico University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Trojano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncologic Science, Policlinico University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossana","family":"Cicinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncologic Science, Policlinico University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4382-9906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crescenzio Francesco","family":"Minervini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Leronni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroapoptosis Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Viggiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Bari, 700124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"Chronic endometritis: Morphologic and clinical observations","volume":"58","author":"Greenwood","year":"1981","journal-title":"Obstet. 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