{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T11:08:34Z","timestamp":1768648114121,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined the impact of chronic prostatitis on the diagnostic performance of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). In this retrospective study, 63 men underwent 3T mpMRI followed by MRI\/ultrasound fusion biopsy to exclude\/confirm clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). A total of 93 lesions were included for evaluation. Images were assessed by two radiologists. Prostatitis was graded visually on T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced sequences. The correlation of prostatitis features with the assigned Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) and the presence of csPCa were assessed, and the clinical and functional imaging parameters for differentiating between prostatitis and significant tumors were examined. Histopathological analysis was used as the reference standard. The rate of PI-RADS 3 scores tended to be higher in the presence of radiologically severe prostatitis compared with no\/discrete prostatitis (n = 52 vs. n = 9; p = 0.225). In severe prostatitis, csPCa was determined in only 7.7% (4\/52) of PI-RADS 3 lesions. In severe chronic prostatitis, a binary prostatitis suffix (e.g., PI-RADS 3 i+ versus i\u2212) within the radiological report may help assess the limitations of mpMRI interpretability because of severe prostatitis and avoid unnecessary biopsies. Mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmean) was the best marker (cutoff 0.93 \u00d7 10\u22123 mm2\/s) to differentiate between csPCa\/non csPCa in severe prostatitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11040623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T09:57:04Z","timestamp":1617098224000},"page":"623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of Chronic Prostatitis on the PI-RADS Score 3: Proposal for the Addition of a Novel Binary Suffix"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sascha","family":"Merat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Baden, 5404 Baden, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Bl\u00fcmlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Z\u00fcrich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Klarh\u00f6fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siemens Healthcare AG, 8047 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0360-7233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Nickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Applications Predevelopment, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, 91052 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8090-7267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gad","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kantonsspital Baden, 5404 Baden, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3405-1394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank G.","family":"Z\u00f6llner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Mannheim Institute for Intelligent Systems in Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan O.","family":"Schoenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3636-8697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahel A.","family":"Kubik-Huch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Baden, 5404 Baden, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3816-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Hausmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Baden, 5404 Baden, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Hefermehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Kantonsspital Baden, 5404 Baden, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.313105139","article-title":"Advancements in MR imaging of the prostate: From diagnosis to interventions","volume":"31","author":"Bonekamp","year":"2011","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13122149","article-title":"Multiparametric prostate MR imaging with T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences: Are all pulse sequences necessary to detect locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy?","volume":"268","author":"Donati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32401-1","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of multi-parametric MRI and TRUS biopsy in prostate cancer (PROMIS): A paired validating confirmatory study","volume":"389","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.11046","article-title":"Accuracy of multiparametric MRI for prostate cancer detection: A meta-analysis","volume":"202","author":"Hamoen","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJR Am. 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