{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T05:51:03Z","timestamp":1760248263000,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the risk factors for dementia. Female sex is an inconsistent risk factor for dementia after adjusting for age in the general population, and there lacks research on its impact in developing dementia in patients with AF. This paper aims to investigate whether female sex is a risk factor for dementia in AF patients. Data of patients with newly diagnosed AF between 2001\u20132013 were retrieved from Taiwan\u2019s National Health Insurance Research Database. Exclusion criteria were: patients with incomplete demographic data, age &lt; 20 years, rheumatic heart disease, hyperthyroidism, past valvular heart surgery, and a history of dementia. Propensity score matching (PSM) between sexes was performed, including comorbidities, medications and index date stratified by age. The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of dementia at follow-up. A total of 117,517 men and 156,705 women were eligible for analysis. After 1:1 PSM, both 100,065 men and women (aged 72.5 \u00b1 12.5 years) were included for analysis. Dementia risk varied with age in women compared with men. The difference was negligible for \u226455 years (sub distribution HR (SHR) = 0.89, 95% CI 0.73\u20131.07), but increased between 56\u201365 years (SHR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.25), 66\u201375 years (SHR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.09\u20131.20), 75\u201385 years (SHR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.07\u20131.15) and &gt;85 years (SHR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04\u20131.16) for females. This study establishes that female sex increases the risk of developing dementia compared to male sex in AF patients aged &gt;56 years. However, the impact of female sex on dementia in AF patients differs between dementia types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11050760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T12:08:30Z","timestamp":1619179710000},"page":"760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Sex Difference in the Risk of Dementia in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yung-Lung","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-Ting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya-Ting","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaur-Zheng","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shukai","family":"Hsueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang-Ming","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9706-4534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Sheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007301","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007301","article-title":"Association of Atrial Fibrillation with Cognitive Decline and Dementia Over 20 Years: The ARIC-NCS (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study)","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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