{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:06:52Z","timestamp":1791479212466,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]],"date-time":"2021-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005762","name":"National Taiwan University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NTUH 108-M4366, 109-M4670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTUH 108-M4366, 109-M4670"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 107-2314-B-002-045-MY3, MOST 107-2314-B-002-232-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107-2314-B-002-045-MY3, MOST 107-2314-B-002-232-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the effect of different injectate volumes on ultrasonographic parameters and the correlation to clinical outcomes under perineural dextrose injection (PDI). In this post hoc analysis of the randomized, double-blinded, three-arm trial, ultrasound-guided PDI with either 1 mL, 2 mL, and 4 mL 5% dextrose water was administered, respectively, in 14, 14, and 17 patients. Ultrasound outcomes included mobility, shear-wave elastography (SWE), and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve; clinical outcomes were Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) score. Outcomes were measured before injection, and after injection at the 1st, 4th, 12th, and 24th week. For ultrasound outcomes, CSA decreased significantly from baseline data at all follow-up time-points in the 2 mL group (p = 0.005) and the 4 mL group (p = 0.015). The mean change of mobility from baseline showed a greater improvement on the 4 mL group than the other groups at the 1st week post-injection. For clinical outcomes, negative correlation between the VAS and mobility at the 1st (p = 0.046) and 4th week (p = 0.031) post-injection in the 4 mL group were observed. In conclusion, PDI with higher volume yielded better nerve mobility and decreased CSA of median nerve, but no changes of nerve elasticity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11050849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]],"date-time":"2021-05-09T21:32:46Z","timestamp":1620595966000},"page":"849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effect of Perineural Injection with Different Dextrose Volumes on Median Nerve Size, Elasticity and Mobility in Hands with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4796-3341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng-Ting","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Chun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Ting","family":"Syu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Ling","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3979-3541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chueh-Hung","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30231-9","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: Clinical features, diagnosis, and management","volume":"15","author":"Padua","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163030-00009","article-title":"The carpal tunnel syndrome. 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