{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T17:47:25Z","timestamp":1774460845063,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to present the epidemiology of invasive diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the pre-vaccine period, and Haemophilus influenzae in the post-vaccine period in a pediatric population from Serbia. Among the meningococci, serogroup B dominated (83%), followed by serogroup C (11.3%). High antigenic diversity was found, with fine type P1.5-1,10-4 being the most frequent. Moderate susceptibility to penicillin was common (55%). Within pneumococci, serotypes 19F, 14, 6B, 6A, 18C, 23F, 3, and 7F prevailed, while 19A was rare (3.6%). The coverages of PCV10 and PCV13 were 68% and 84%, respectively. Major sequence types were ST320, ST15, ST273, ST271, and ST81. Non-susceptibility to penicillin (66.7%), cefotaxime (37%), and macrolides (55%) was predominantly detected in vaccine-related serotypes. Among the 11 invasive H. influenzae isolates collected, there were six Hib, three non-type b, and two non-typeable strains (ntHi) that were antibiotic susceptible. These results imply a potential benefit of future Men-B vaccine implementations. For pneumococci, as PCV10 was recently introduced, a significant reduction of morbidity and antibiotic resistance might be expected. The efficiency of Hib vaccination is evident, but a shift towards non-type b and ntHi strains may be anticipated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11061059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T04:22:22Z","timestamp":1623212542000},"page":"1059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Laboratory-Based Surveillance Study of Invasive Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae Diseases in a Serbian Pediatric Population\u2014Implications for Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Snezana","family":"Delic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory for Meningococcus and Haemophilus, Institute of Public Health, 25101 Sombor, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Mijac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Streptococci, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1578-2776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ina","family":"Gajic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Streptococci, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0327-4838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dusan","family":"Kekic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Streptococci, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lazar","family":"Ranin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Streptococci, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Jegorovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Centre of Serbia, University Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davor","family":"Culic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory for Meningococcus and Haemophilus, Institute of Public Health, 25101 Sombor, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0453-5945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Cirkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Siljic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4643-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"Stanojevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Metka","family":"Paragi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Health Environment and Food, Department for Public Health Microbiology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9932-6403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milos","family":"Markovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasa","family":"Opavski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Streptococci, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70083-9","article-title":"Epidemiological differences among pneumococcal serotypes","volume":"5","author":"Hausdorff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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