{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:59:23Z","timestamp":1791233963037,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and aims: Postmenopausal endometrial polyps are commonly managed by surgical resection; however, expectant management may be considered for some women due to the presence of medical co-morbidities, failed hysteroscopies or patient\u2019s preference. This study aimed to identify patient characteristics and ultrasound morphological features of polyps that could aid in the prediction of underlying pre-malignancy or malignancy in postmenopausal polyps. Methods: Women with consecutive postmenopausal polyps diagnosed on ultrasound and removed surgically were recruited between October 2015 to October 2018 prospectively. Polyps were defined on ultrasound as focal lesions with a regular outline, surrounded by normal endometrium. On Doppler examination, there was either a single feeder vessel or no detectable vascularity. Polyps were classified histologically as benign (including hyperplasia without atypia), pre-malignant (atypical hyperplasia), or malignant. A Chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree analysis was performed with a range of demographic, clinical, and ultrasound variables as independent, and the presence of pre-malignancy or malignancy in polyps as dependent variables. A 10-fold cross-validation method was used to estimate the model\u2019s misclassification risk. Results: There were 240 women included, 181 of whom presented with postmenopausal bleeding. Their median age was 60 (range of 45\u201394); 18\/240 (7.5%) women were diagnosed with pre-malignant or malignant polyps. In our decision tree model, the polyp mean diameter (\u226413 mm or &gt;13 mm) on ultrasound was the most important predictor of pre-malignancy or malignancy. If the tree was allowed to grow, the patient\u2019s body mass index (BMI) and cystic\/solid appearance of the polyp classified women further into low-risk (\u22645%), intermediate-risk (&gt;5%\u2013\u226420%), or high-risk (&gt;20%) groups. Conclusions: Our decision tree model may serve as a guide to counsel women on the benefits and risks of surgery for postmenopausal endometrial polyps. It may also assist clinicians in prioritizing women for surgery according to their risk of malignancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11061094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T11:00:33Z","timestamp":1623754833000},"page":"1094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Risk of Pre-Malignancy or Malignancy in Postmenopausal Endometrial Polyps: A CHAID Decision Tree Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Women\u2019s Health, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2BU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Thanatsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Women\u2019s Health, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2BU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Nardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tejal","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Women\u2019s Health, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2BU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davor","family":"Jurkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Women\u2019s Health, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2BU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6259","article-title":"Prevalence of endometrial polyps and abnormal uterine bleeding in a Danish population aged 20\u201374 years","volume":"33","author":"Dreisler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. 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