{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T07:18:29Z","timestamp":1772608709266,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: A routine diagnostic work-up does not identify structural abnormalities in a substantial proportion of patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). We investigated the added value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in this group of patients. Methods: A single-centre prospective study was undertaken of 72 patients (mean age 46 \u00b1 16 years; 53% females) with frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs \u2265 500\/24 h) and\/or non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT), an otherwise normal electrocardiogram, normal echocardiography and no coronary artery disease. Results: CMR provided an additional diagnostic yield in 54.2% of patients. The most prevalent diagnosis was previous myocarditis (23.6%) followed by possible PVC-related cardiomyopathy (20.8%), non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (8.3%) and ischaemic heart disease (1.4%). The predictors of abnormal CMR findings were male gender, age and PVCs\/NSVT non-outflow tract-related or with multiple morphologies. Patients with VAs had an impaired peak left ventricular (LV) global radial strain (GRS) compared with the controls (28.88% (IQR: 25.87% to 33.97%) vs. 36.65% (IQR: 33.19% to 40.2%), p &lt; 0.001) and a global circumferential strain (GCS) (\u221217.66% (IQR: \u221219.62% to \u221216.23%) vs. \u221220.66% (IQR: \u221221.72% to \u221219.6%), p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: CMR reveals abnormalities in a significant proportion of patients with frequent idiopathic VAs. Male gender, age and non-outflow tract PVC origin can be clinical indicators for CMR referral.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11061109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T11:19:20Z","timestamp":1624015160000},"page":"1109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cardiac Magnetic Resonance to Detect the Underlying Substrate in Patients with Frequent Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Chrysovalantou","family":"Nikolaidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK"},{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christos P.","family":"Kotanidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rohan","family":"Wijesurendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Leal-Pelado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Kouskouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, AHEPA Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0885-9170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassilios P.","family":"Vassilikos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 43 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haralambos","family":"Karvounis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ntobeko","family":"Ntusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charalambos","family":"Antoniades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Neubauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4658-5273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodoros D.","family":"Karamitsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu194","article-title":"EHRA\/HRS\/APHRS expert consensus on ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"16","author":"Pedersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"Current Concepts of Premature Ventricular Contractions","volume":"3","author":"Ahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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