{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:15:17Z","timestamp":1760166917265,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sjogren\u2019s syndrome is classically characterized by symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia, secondary to lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands. Cutaneous findings of this disease are infrequently discussed and thus rarely considered among patients without the typical symptomatology. However, these patients can develop xerosis, alopecia, vitiligo, papular or nodular lesions, or cutaneous vasculitis. A 56-year-old Asian female presented with intermittent cutaneous erythematous lesions of her bilateral pinna and preauricular areas. Despite initial symptom presentation causing concern for tumid lupus versus cutaneous T cell lymphoma versus relapsing polychondritis, extensive serologic and histopathologic workup eventually indicated a likely diagnosis of Sjogren\u2019s syndrome. This case brings to light that Sjogren\u2019s syndrome is truly a multi-systemic disease and can present with primarily extra glandular cutaneous symptoms. When approaching the workup of a new patient, it is absolutely vital to maintain a broad differential and keep in mind that overlap syndromes among multiple autoimmune diseases do exist as well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11071260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T10:13:42Z","timestamp":1626257622000},"page":"1260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sjogren\u2019s Syndrome Presenting with Solely Cutaneous Features"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sneha","family":"Centala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TriHealth Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joyce H.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Fremont, CA 94040, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Girnita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199908000-00008","article-title":"Tumid Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"21","author":"Ruiz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatopathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39859","article-title":"2016 American College of Rheumatology\/European League against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome: A Consensus and Data-Driven Methodology Involving Three International Patient Cohorts","volume":"69","author":"Shiboski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.08.007","article-title":"The overlap of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome with other systemic autoimmune diseases","volume":"36","author":"Font","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis. Rheum."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"632","article-title":"Cutaneous Manifestations of Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome Are Underestimated","volume":"22","author":"Roguedas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e31817d1183","article-title":"Coexistence of tumid lupus erythematosus with systemic lupus erythematosus and discoid lupus erythematosus: A report of two cases of tumid lupus","volume":"14","author":"Stead","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197906000-00009","article-title":"Relapsing polychondritis\u2014Report of ten cases","volume":"89","author":"Damiani","year":"1979","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197605000-00001","article-title":"Relapsing polychondritis: Prospective study of 23 patients and a review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"McAdam","year":"1976","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"e8305","article-title":"Tumid Lupus Erythematosus: A Rare and Distinctive Variant of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Masquerading as Urticarial Vasculitis","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"494","article-title":"Tumid lupus erythematosus: Criteria for classification with immunohistochemical analysis","volume":"49","author":"Baldassano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res. Off. J. Am. Coll. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21591","article-title":"American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: A data-driven, expert consensus approach in the Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s International Collaborative Clinical Alliance cohort","volume":"64","author":"Shiboski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis. Care Res. (Hoboken)"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Robson, A. (2021, February 04). The Pathology of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Cancer Netw. J. Oncol., Available online: www.cancernetwork.com\/view\/pathology-cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/11\/7\/1260\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:30:28Z","timestamp":1760164228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/11\/7\/1260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics11071260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics11071260","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]}}}