{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T03:35:59Z","timestamp":1785900959749,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important arrhythmia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We aimed to explore whether a complex evaluation of the left ventricle (LV) using modern echocardiography techniques, additionally to the left atrium (LA) boosts the probability of AF diagnosis. Standard echocardiography, 2D and 3D speckle tracking, were performed for LA and LV evaluation in HCM patients and healthy volunteers. Of 128 initially qualified HCM patients, 60 fulfilled included criteria, from which 43 had a history of AF, and 17 were without AF. LA volume index and peak strain, LV ejection fraction, and strains were significant predictors of AF. In addition, 2D global longitudinal strain (GLS) for LV at cut off \u221216% turned out to be the most accurate predictor of AF (OR 48.00 [95% CI 2.68\u2013859.36], p = 0.001), whereas the combination of LA peak strain \u2264 22% and LV GLS \u2265 \u221216% had the highest discriminatory power (OR 76.36 [95% CI 4.13\u20131411.36], p = 0.001). AF in HCM patients seems to be LA as well as LV disease. Revealing lower strain for LV, in addition to lower LA strain, may have an important impact on accurate characteristics of HCM patients with AF history.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11071288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T21:16:48Z","timestamp":1626643008000},"page":"1288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comprehensive Echocardiography of Left Atrium and Left Ventricle Using Modern Techniques Helps in Better Revealing Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Wabich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Zienciuk-Krajka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8987-0210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicja","family":"Raczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2269-1880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludmi\u0142a","family":"Dani\u0142owicz-Szymanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.4.785","article-title":"Prevalence of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a General Population of Young Adults","volume":"92","author":"Maron","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.05.009","article-title":"Prevalence of idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in China: A population-based echocardiographic analysis of 8080 adults","volume":"116","author":"Zou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. 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