{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T11:51:04Z","timestamp":1779105064629,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Morquio syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IV\/MPS IV) is a genetic disorder leading to skeletal abnormalities and gait deviations. Research on the gait patterns and lower extremity physical characteristics associated with skeletal dysplasia in children with MPS IV is currently limited. This research aimed to provide baseline gait patterns and lower limb skeletal alignment of children with MPS IV utilizing three-dimensional instrumented gait analysis. This Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective study evaluates the kinematics of the lower extremities of children with MPS IV during gait, comparing them with an age-matched group of typically developing children. Thirty-three children with MPS IV were included (8.6 \u00b1 4.0 years old). Children with MPS IV walk with increased anterior pelvic tilt, knee valgus, knee flexion, external tibial torsion, and reduced walking speed and stride length (p &lt; 0.001). Multiplanar abnormal alignment results in abnormal knee moments (p &lt; 0.001). Limited correlations exist (r = 0.69\u20130.28) between dynamic three-dimensional measurements of knee varus\/valgus and rotational alignment and traditional static two-dimensional measures (physical examination or radiographs) suggesting the possibility of knee instability during gait and the benefits of dynamic assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11081350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T12:18:31Z","timestamp":1627388311000},"page":"1350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of Gait Pattern and Lower Extremity Kinematics of Children with Morquio Syndrome (MPS IV)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0919-7359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose J.","family":"Salazar-Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Rd., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Rd., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Rd., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Wade","family":"Shrader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Rd., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Rd., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Mackenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Rd., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. G. Stuart","family":"Mackenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Rd., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"533","article-title":"A Review of Morquio Syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Mikles","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthop. (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2016.04.005","article-title":"Activity of Daily Living for Morquio A Syndrome","volume":"118","author":"Yasuda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. 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Ther."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/11\/8\/1350\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:35:45Z","timestamp":1760164545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/11\/8\/1350"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics11081350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics11081350","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]}}}