{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T04:45:15Z","timestamp":1766983515501,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) is a rare, hereditary syndrome resulting from a germline mutation in the RET proto-oncogene and characterized primarily by medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), pheochromocytoma (PHEO), and hyperparathyroidism. Types of RET mutation have been associated with age at onset, clinical outcomes of MTC, and the penetrance of other components. Patients classified as \u2018high-risk\u2019 by the American Thyroid Association (ATA), based on the aggressiveness of MTC and the penetrance of other components, are recommended to undergo early prophylactic thyroidectomy at age \u2264 5 years and to be screened for PHEO at age \u2265 11 years. Patients with RET codon C634R mutations have been classified as high-risk. Case presentation: The present study describes a 71-year-old woman newly diagnosed with hereditary MTC related to a RET C634R germline mutation. Her basal serum calcitonin level was high, but there was no evidence of distant metastases. Surgery revealed bilateral MTC with two metastatic lymph nodes. Because microscopic resection was incomplete and extranodal extension was observed, the patient underwent adjuvant external beam radiotherapy. Response to therapy was excellent. Follow-up after 1.5 years showed no evidence of disease or other manifestations of MEN2A. Conclusion: Despite RET C634R carriers being classified as high-risk by the ATA, this patient did not present with either distant MTC or PHEO until her seventies. To our knowledge, only one other patient has shown a similar late identification of a RET C634R mutation, but MTC could not be diagnosed because the patient was lost to follow-up. Further research is required to develop optimal protocols that could allow patients requiring prophylactic thyroidectomy to be differentiated from those who can be monitored closely without early surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11081448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T04:56:22Z","timestamp":1628657782000},"page":"1448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Late-Onset Medullary Thyroid Cancer in a Patient with a Germline RET Codon C634R Mutation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Walczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, S. Artwi\u0144skiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland"},{"name":"Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wiek\u00f3w Kielc Av. 19, 25-319 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7448-1044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kajetan","family":"Zgubie\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wiek\u00f3w Kielc Av. 19, 25-319 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Chmielewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wiek\u00f3w Kielc Av. 19, 25-319 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0690-7036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinga","family":"Hi\u0144cza-Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Center, S. Artwi\u0144skiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3718-999X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Kowalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Center, S. Artwi\u0144skiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland"},{"name":"Division of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka St. 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Jaskulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wiek\u00f3w Kielc Av. 19, 25-319 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5647-5898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldona","family":"Kowalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, S. Artwi\u0144skiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland"},{"name":"Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wiek\u00f3w Kielc Av. 19, 25-319 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S174606","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A in Denmark 1901\u20132014: A nationwide study","volume":"10","author":"Mathiesen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. 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