{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:28:26Z","timestamp":1788222506230,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To review the current options in the management of Warthin tumors (WTs) and to propose a working management protocol. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and ScienceDirect database. A total of 141 publications were selected and have been included in this review. Publications were selected based on relevance, scientific evidence, and actuality. Results: The importance of parotid WTs is increasing due to its rising incidence in many countries, becoming the most frequently encountered benign parotid tumor in certain parts of the world. In the past, all WTs were treated with surgery, but because of their slow growth rate, often minimal clinical symptoms, and the advanced age of many patients, active observation has gradually become more widely used. In order to decide on active surveillance, the diagnosis of WT must be reliable, and clinical, imaging, and cytological data should be concordant. There are four clear indications for upfront surgery: uncertain diagnosis; cosmetic problems; clinical complaints, such as pain, ulceration, or recurrent infection; and the patient\u2019s wish to have the tumor removed. In the remaining cases, surgery can be elective. Active surveillance is often suggested as the first approach, with surgery being considered if the tumor progresses and\/or causes clinical complaints. The extent of surgery is another controversial topic, and the current trend is to minimize the resection using partial parotidectomies and extracapsular dissections when possible. Recently, non-surgical options such as microwave ablation, radiofrequency ablation, and ultrasound-guided ethanol sclerotherapy have been proposed for selected cases. Conclusions: The management of WT is gradually shifting from superficial or total parotidectomy to more conservative approaches, with more limited resections, and to active surveillance in an increasing number of patients. Additionally, non-surgical treatments are emerging, but their role needs to be defined in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11081467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T09:22:38Z","timestamp":1628846558000},"page":"1467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Current Trends and Controversies in the Management of Warthin Tumor of the Parotid Gland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2563-6729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miquel","family":"Quer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Salivary Gland Society, 1204 Gen\u00e8ve, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0809-4649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan C.","family":"Hernandez-Prera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl E.","family":"Silver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85721, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4183-5832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Casasayas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricard","family":"Simo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Vander Poorten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Salivary Gland Society, 1204 Gen\u00e8ve, Switzerland"},{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9671-0784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"Guntinas-Lichius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Salivary Gland Society, 1204 Gen\u00e8ve, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Phoniatry\/Pedaudiology, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Facial Nerve Center, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2810-5704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Salivary Gland Society, 1204 Gen\u00e8ve, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Queens Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6696-3000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wai","family":"Tong-Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3063-0890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan P.","family":"Rodrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncolog\u00eda del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo CIBERONC-ISCIII, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0451-2404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti A.","family":"M\u00e4kitie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7956-6709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Rinaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Udine School of Medicine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz P.","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo 01509, Brazil"},{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, S\u00e3o Paulo 01509, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5563-8840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro","family":"Sanabria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, IPS Universitaria-Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundaci\u00f3n, Medellin 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7128-5814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remco","family":"de Bree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Takes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7019-9746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncolog\u00eda del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo CIBERONC-ISCIII, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry D.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok R.","family":"Shaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8247-8002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfio","family":"Ferlito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, 35125 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"El-Naggar, A.K., Takata, J.K.C.C., Grandis, J.R., Takata, T., and Slootweg, P.J. (2017). WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours, International Agency for Research on Cancer. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-016-3916-6","article-title":"Classification of parotidectomies: A proposal of the European Salivary Gland Society","volume":"273","author":"Quer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"5263","article-title":"Are Multiple Tumors of the Parotid Gland Uncommon or Underestimated?","volume":"37","author":"Franzen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anticancer. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-019-01049-7","article-title":"Incidence of Non-Salivary Gland Neoplasms in Patients with Warthin Tumor: A Study of 73 Cases","volume":"14","author":"Zaccarini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100143841","article-title":"A review of heterotopia and associated salivary gland neoplasms of the head and neck","volume":"113","author":"Ferlito","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2008.05.001","article-title":"Factors influencing the occurrence of multicentric and \u2018recurrent\u2019 Warthin\u2019s tumour: A cross sectional study","volume":"37","author":"Ethunandan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26032","article-title":"The diagnostic value of cytology in parotid Warthin\u2019s tumors: International multicenter series","volume":"42","author":"Borsetto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"116","article-title":"Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum. A Rare Teratoid of the Parotid Region","volume":"13","author":"Warthin","year":"1929","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2015.1081276","article-title":"Demographics of benign parotid tumours: Warthin\u2019s tumour versus other benign salivary tumours","volume":"136","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12694","article-title":"The incidence of Warthin tumours and pleomorphic adenomas in the parotid gland over a 25-year period","volume":"41","author":"Luers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-5092-3","article-title":"Increased incidence of Warthin tumours of the parotid gland: A 42-year evaluation","volume":"275","author":"Franzen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05894-z","article-title":"Warthin\u2019s tumour seems to be the most common benign neoplasm of the parotid gland in Germany","volume":"277","author":"Psychogios","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0009.8412","article-title":"Increase in the incidence of parotid gland tumors in the years 2005\u20132014","volume":"71","author":"Kolebacz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Polska"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06081-w","article-title":"Change in Warthin\u2019s tumor incidence: A 20-year joinpoint trend analysis","volume":"277","author":"Arslanhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05319-6","article-title":"Rising incidences of Warthin\u2019s tumors may be linked to obesity: A single-institutional experience","volume":"276","author":"Kadletz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"112","article-title":"Parotid Incidentaloma Identified by Positron Emission\/Computed Tomography: When to Consider Diagnoses Other than Warthin Tumor","volume":"19","author":"Bothe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-016-4436-0","article-title":"Warthin tumor within the superficial lobe of the parotid gland: A suggested criterion for diagnosis","volume":"274","author":"Sagiv","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0339(199703)16:3<221::AID-DC5>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Fine-needle sampling of salivary gland lesions. II. Cytology and histology correlation of 71 cases of Warthin\u2019s tumor (adenolymphoma)","volume":"16","author":"Klijanienko","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0339(199709)17:3<230::AID-DC12>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Sources of diagnostic error in the fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of Warthin\u2019s tumor and clues to a correct diagnosis","volume":"17","author":"Ballo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diagn. Cytopathol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faquin, W.C., Rossi, E.D., Baloch, Z., Barkan, G.A., Foschini, M., Kurtycz, D.F.I., Pusztaszeri, M., and Vielh, P. (2018). The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-71285-7"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22339","article-title":"Assessing the diagnostic accuracy for pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumor by employing the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: An international, multi-institutional study","volume":"129","author":"Allison","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1999.035005432.x","article-title":"Metaplastic (infarcted) Warthin\u2019s tumour of the parotid gland: A possible consequence of fine needle aspiration biopsy","volume":"35","author":"Simpson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000065","article-title":"CRTC1-MAML2 and CRTC3-MAML2 Fusions Were Not Detected in Metaplastic Warthin Tumor and Metaplastic Pleomorphic Adenoma of Salivary Glands","volume":"37","author":"Vanecek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000507","article-title":"Warthin-like Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma","volume":"39","author":"Ishibashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-020-02798-5","article-title":"MAML2 rearrangement as a useful diagnostic marker discriminating between Warthin tumour and Warthin-like mucoepidermoid carcinoma","volume":"477","author":"Kunc","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01549.x","article-title":"Oncocytic adenomas and oncocytic hyperplasia of salivary glands: A clinicopathological study of 26 cases","volume":"16","author":"Palmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19961201)78:11<2281::AID-CNCR3>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Oncocytomas of the submandibular gland: A series of 22 cases and a review of the literature","volume":"78","author":"Thompson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3825","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4650-4","article-title":"Surgical options in benign parotid tumors: A proposal for classification","volume":"274","author":"Quer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06250-x","article-title":"Review of surgical techniques and guide for decision making in the treatment of benign parotid tumors","volume":"278","author":"Psychogios","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ulcerative Warthin Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","volume":"386","author":"Hung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"13","article-title":"Contemporary diagnosis and management of Warthin\u2019s tumor","volume":"87","author":"Witt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Del. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198105000-00007","article-title":"Surgical Management of Parotid Gland Tumors","volume":"6","author":"Gant","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.04.004","article-title":"Surgical treatment strategy in Warthin tumor of the parotid gland","volume":"85","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz. J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(01)00019-7","article-title":"Warthin\u2019 s tumour: A study of 78 cases with emphasis on bilaterality, multifocality and association with other malignancies","volume":"38","author":"Maiorano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2018.05.022","article-title":"Investigation of the surgical strategies for unilateral multifocal cystadenolymphomas of the parotid gland","volume":"82","author":"Mantsopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"393","article-title":"Warthin\u2019 s tumour of the parotid gland: Our experience","volume":"33","author":"Chulam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2273.1997.00054.x","article-title":"Results of the surgical management and histopathological evaluation of 88 parotid gland Warthin\u2019s tumours","volume":"22","author":"Leverstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2017.1318221","article-title":"Extracapsular dissection for Warthin tumor in the tail of parotid gland","volume":"137","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.09.071","article-title":"Local excision procedure for Warthin\u2019s tumor of the parotid gland","volume":"132","author":"Iwai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27166","article-title":"Extracapsular dissection for warthin tumors despite the risk of ipsilateral metachronous occurrence","volume":"128","author":"Mantsopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2018.12.001","article-title":"Going beyond extracapsular dissection in cystadenolymphomas of the parotid gland","volume":"88","author":"Mantsopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489416661344","article-title":"Minimal Margin Extracapsular Dissection","volume":"125","author":"McMullen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2005.10.017","article-title":"Clinical features of cystadenolymphoma (Warthin\u2019s tumor) of the parotid gland: A retrospective comparative study of 96 cases","volume":"42","author":"Teymoortash","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2018.12.018","article-title":"Watchful waiting in carefully selected metachronous cystadenolymphomas of the parotid gland: A reliable option?","volume":"57","author":"Mantsopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2014.04.028","article-title":"Warthin\u2019s tumour\u2013Resolution following FNA","volume":"5","author":"Mann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480600740605","article-title":"High risk for bilateral Warthin tumor in heavy smokers\u2013review of 185 cases","volume":"126","author":"Klussmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2015.07.019","article-title":"Growth rate characteristics of Warthin\u2019s tumours of the parotid gland","volume":"44","author":"Schwalje","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16757","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016757","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of parotid gland adenolymphoma","volume":"98","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2019.04.031","article-title":"Evaluation of Outcomes following Radiofrequency Ablation for Treatment of Parotid Tail Warthin Tumors","volume":"30","author":"Tung","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102813","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided ethanol sclerotherapy for non-surgical treatment of Warthin\u2019s tumor","volume":"42","author":"Mamidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Otolaryngol."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/11\/8\/1467\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:45:36Z","timestamp":1760165136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/11\/8\/1467"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics11081467"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics11081467","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]}}}