{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T11:52:07Z","timestamp":1783684327809,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Perivascular adipose tissue attenuation, measured with computed tomography imaging, is a marker of mean local vascular inflammation since it reflects the morphological changes of the fat tissue in direct contact with the vessel. This method is thoroughly validated in coronary arteries, but few studies have been performed in other vascular beds. The aim of the present study is to provide insight into the potential application of perivascular adipose tissue attenuation through computed tomography imaging in extra-coronary arteries. (2) Methods: A comprehensive search of the scientific literature published in the last 30 years (1990\u20132020) has been performed on Medline. (3) Results: A Medline databases search for titles, abstracts, and keywords returned 3251 records. After the exclusion of repetitions and the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria and abstract screening, 37 studies were selected for full-text evaluation. Three papers were finally included in the systematic review. Perivascular adipose tissue attenuation assessment was studied in the internal carotid artery, ascending thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta. (4) Conclusions: Perivascular adipose tissue attenuation seems to be an applicable parameter in all investigated vascular beds, generally with good inter-observer reproducibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11081495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T09:58:06Z","timestamp":1629367086000},"page":"1495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Perivascular Adipose Tissue Attenuation on Computed Tomography beyond the Coronary Arteries. A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1291-0306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Tuttolomondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Parma University Hospital, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0877-4954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Parma University Hospital, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Nicolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Parma University Hospital, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3989-6134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Formica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Parma University Hospital, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8325-6057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Pini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular-Genetic Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Secchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8653-6217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Volpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical Clinic, University of Parma, Maggiore Hospital, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"De Filippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Radiology, University of Parma, Maggiore Hospital, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Gaibazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Parma University Hospital, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1603","article-title":"Perivascular adipose tissue control of insulin-induced vasoreactivity in muscle is impaired in db\/db mice","volume":"62","author":"Meijer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S371","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-s250","article-title":"Myocardial, perivascular, and epicardial fat","volume":"34","author":"Iozzo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914","article-title":"Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease","volume":"377","author":"Ridker","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. 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