{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:19:48Z","timestamp":1790633988546,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are gaining increasing attention, both because they can severely reduce the quantity and quality of life, and because the advent of monoclonal antibodies has profoundly changed the natural history of these diseases. In recent years, the concept of mucosal healing has assumed a certain importance, and there are more and more clinical and pharmacological trials that consider this parameter among their endpoints, so much so that it may soon be included among the desirable clinical outcomes of patients with IBD. Methods: We performed a literature review of the Pubmed, Medline, and Web of Science (WoS) databases. Results: We selected 88 articles and then removed 6 duplicates; the final sample after accurate application of the inclusion criteria numbered 73 articles, with a level of evidence rating of three or four, according to Oxfords Evidence-based medicine. Our aim was to study the histological impact of monoclonal antibody therapies on mucosal healing, taking into consideration the few studies present in the literature. To perform this review, we compared studies that examined patients with Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) and\/or ulcerative colitis (UC) undergoing monoclonal therapy versus patients undergoing other non-biological therapies (PICO statements). Conclusions: We try to delineate how monoclonal antibodies have changed the natural history of IBD, acting at the microscopic level, and we believe that a careful analysis of the histopathology and the definition of the objective criteria for \u201cMucosa Healing\u201d should enable this concept to be included among the clinical endpoints of patients affected by IBD, thus contributing to a better therapeutic management of these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11091570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T11:01:37Z","timestamp":1630321297000},"page":"1570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Histological Hallmarks of Mucosal Healing in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in the Era of Monoclonal Antibodies Therapy: New Insights and Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0325-4316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Cazzato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4676-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Colagrande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Andriola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of General Surgery, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0860-3044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Lettini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1980-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Cicco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pragnell Mary Victoria","family":"Candance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4335-4776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Resta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Vincenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of General Surgery, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4792-3545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ingravallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60750-8","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: Cause and immunobiology","volume":"369","author":"Baumgart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2017.07.010","article-title":"An Update on Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"44","author":"Sairenji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prim. 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