{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:18:57Z","timestamp":1790090337294,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K15915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K15915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"KUROKAWA CANCER RESEARCH FOUNDATION","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for the majority of all pancreatic cancers and is highly lethal. Focal parenchymal atrophy (FPA) of the pancreas has been reported as a characteristic imaging finding of early PDAC. Here, we reviewed 76 patients with PDAC who underwent computed tomography (CT) between 6 months and 3 years before PDAC diagnosis, as well as 76 sex- and age-matched controls without PDAC on CT examinations separated by at least 5 years. FPA was observed corresponding to the location of the subsequent tumor on pre-diagnostic CT in 14\/44 (31.8%) patients between 6 months and 1 year, 14\/51 (27.5%) patients between 1 and 2 years, and 9\/41 (22.0%) patients between 2 and 3 years before PDAC diagnosis. Overall, FPA was more frequently observed in patients with PDAC (26\/76; 34.2%) on pre-diagnostic CT than that in controls (3\/76; 3.9%) (p &lt; 0.001). FPA was observed before the appearance of cut-off\/dilatation of the main pancreatic duct, suggesting that FPA might be the earliest sign of PDAC. FPA was less frequently found in tumors in the pancreatic head (3\/27; 11.1%) than in those in the body (14\/30; 46.7%) or tail (9\/19; 47.4%). FPA may predict the subsequent PDAC diagnosis, serving as an important imaging sign for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11091693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T21:23:29Z","timestamp":1631913809000},"page":"1693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Focal Parenchymal Atrophy of the Pancreas Is Frequently Observed on Pre-Diagnostic Computed Tomography in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: A Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Shin","family":"Miura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai  980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6214-7337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Takikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai  980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Kikuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai  980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai  980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Kume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai  980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai  980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3410-6308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai  980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryotaro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai  980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mio","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai  980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiya","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai  980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai  980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waku","family":"Hatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai  980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1171-7835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai  980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Masamune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai  980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00141-0","article-title":"Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"388","author":"Kamisawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-0155","article-title":"Projecting Cancer Incidence and Deaths to 2030: The Unexpected Burden of Thyroid, Liver, and Pancreas Cancers in the United States","volume":"74","author":"Rahib","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2021, July 08). 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