{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T07:37:19Z","timestamp":1778830639877,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gallbladder (GB) diseases represent various lesions including gallstones, cholesterol polyps, adenomyomatosis, and GB carcinoma. This review aims to summarize the role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the diagnosis of GB lesions. EUS provides high-resolution images that can improve the diagnosis of GB polypoid lesions, GB wall thickness, and GB carcinoma staging. Contrast-enhancing agents may be useful for the differential diagnosis of GB lesions, but the evidence of their effectiveness is still limited. Thus, further studies are required in this area to establish its usefulness. EUS combined with fine-needle aspiration has played an increasing role in providing a histological diagnosis of GB tumors in addition to GB wall thickness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11101789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T12:29:14Z","timestamp":1632832154000},"page":"1789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Gallbladder Lesions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3581-2004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senju","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Nakaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Kawabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2229-990X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teiji","family":"Kuzuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3869-1420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohei","family":"Funasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsuo","family":"Nagasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihito","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryoji","family":"Miyahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9639-7425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Hirooka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2012.6.2.172","article-title":"Epidemiology of gallbladder disease: Cholelithiasis and cancer","volume":"6","author":"Stinton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"630","article-title":"Prevalence of gallbladder polyps among apparently healthy Japanese: Ultrasonographic study","volume":"87","author":"Segawa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.875_d.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evidence of association of polyps and stones with gallbladder cancer","volume":"94","author":"Okamoto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.05071.x","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for gallbladder polyps detected by ultrasonography among healthy Chinese: Analysis of 34 669 cases","volume":"23","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967472","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/967472","article-title":"Gallbladder Cancer in the 21st Century","volume":"2015","author":"Kanthan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S1479-666X(08)80073-X","article-title":"Gallbladder cancer\u2014A comprehensive review","volume":"6","author":"Lai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239424","DOI":"10.5402\/2013\/239424","article-title":"Early diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma: An algorithm approach","volume":"2013","author":"Vijayakumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Radiol."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"Cd012233","article-title":"Transabdominal ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound for diagnosis of gallbladder polyps","volume":"8","author":"Wennmacker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.6689-20","article-title":"Enormous Potential of Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Liver Biopsies","volume":"60","author":"Hijioka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198006053022303","article-title":"Real-time ultrasonography. Diagnostic technique of choice in calculous gallbladder disease","volume":"302","author":"Cooperberg","year":"1980","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.2.277","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of endoscopic ultrasonography and microscopic examination of duodenal bile in the diagnosis of cholecystolithiasis in 45 patients with normal conventional ultrasonography","volume":"38","author":"Dahan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310008377","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography in detection of cholelithiasis in patients with biliary pain and negative transabdominal ultrasonography","volume":"39","author":"Vilmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-42302010000100011","article-title":"Microlithiasis of the gallbladder: Role of endoscopic ultrasonography in patients with idiopathic acute pancreatitis","volume":"56","author":"Ardengh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800790312","article-title":"Polypoid lesions of the gallbladder: Diagnosis and indications for surgery","volume":"79","author":"Yang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2000.105870","article-title":"Polypoid lesions of the gallbladder: Report of 100 cases with special reference to operative indications","volume":"127","author":"Terzi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.50.5255","article-title":"Diagnosis of gallbladder tumors","volume":"50","author":"Inui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-019-00989-5","article-title":"Role of conventional ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gallbladder polypoid lesions","volume":"48","author":"Okaniwa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Ultrason."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-021-01093-3","article-title":"Everything you need to know about ultrasound for diagnosis of gallbladder diseases","volume":"48","author":"Okaniwa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Ultrason."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okaniwa, S. (2021). How Can We Manage Gallbladder Lesions by Transabdominal Ultrasound?. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11050784"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.352140095","article-title":"Polypoid lesions of the gallbladder: Disease spectrum with pathologic correlation","volume":"35","author":"Mellnick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.1712","article-title":"Diffuse gallbladder wall thickening: Differential diagnosis","volume":"188","author":"Engelbrecht","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.2.250","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography for differential diagnosis of polypoid gall bladder lesions: Analysis in surgical and follow up series","volume":"46","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.2361","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography does not differentiate neoplastic from non-neoplastic small gallbladder polyps","volume":"15","author":"Cheon","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s005350170046","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of large-sized pedunculated polypoid lesions of the gallbladder by endoscopic ultrasonography: A prospective study","volume":"36","author":"Kimura","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(00)00526-2","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder by endoscopic ultrasonography","volume":"181","author":"Azuma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-020-01030-w","article-title":"Role of endoscopic ultrasound for gallbladder disease","volume":"48","author":"Tanaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Ultrason."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-3146-7","article-title":"Can endoscopic ultrasonography differentiate nonneoplastic from neoplastic gallbladder polyps?","volume":"51","author":"Akatsu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2008.10.017","article-title":"Hypoechoic foci on EUS are simple and strong predictive factors for neoplastic gallbladder polyps","volume":"69","author":"Cho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J.S., Kim, J.H., Kim, Y.J., Ryu, J.K., Kim, Y.T., Lee, J.Y., and Han, J.K. (2017). Diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal high-resolution US for staging gallbladder cancer and differential diagnosis of neoplastic polyps compared with EUS. Eur. Radiol., 27.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4646-2"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"423","article-title":"Benign tumors and pseudotumors of the gallbladder. Report of 180 cases","volume":"90","author":"Christensen","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-021-00563-1","article-title":"Gallbladder polyps ultrasound: What the sonographer needs to know","volume":"24","author":"Cocco","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-35859","article-title":"A useful approach to the differential diagnosis of small polypoid lesions of the gallbladder, utilizing an endoscopic ultrasound scoring system","volume":"34","author":"Sadamoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2000.108041","article-title":"A new strategy to predict the neoplastic polyps of the gallbladder based on a scoring system using EUS","volume":"52","author":"Choi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1443-1661.2005.00463.x","article-title":"A case of pedunculated polypoid cancer associated with flat-type cancer of the gallbladdeR","volume":"17","author":"Kimura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"61","article-title":"Early carcinoma of the gallbladder, noninvasive carcinoma originating in the Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus: A case report","volume":"81","author":"Kawarada","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"82","article-title":"Carcinoma of the gall-bladder arising in adenomyomatosis","volume":"43","author":"Kurihara","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Pathol. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"670","article-title":"Noninvasive carcinoma of the gallbladder arising in localized type adenomyomatosis","volume":"83","author":"Katoh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"593","article-title":"High risk of gallbladder carcinoma in elderly patients with segmental adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder","volume":"23","author":"Nabatame","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-011-1155-1","article-title":"Clinicopathologic features of advanced gallbladder cancer associated with adenomyomatosis","volume":"459","author":"Kai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-020-01018-6","article-title":"B-mode ultrasonographic diagnosis in gallbladder wall thickening","volume":"48","author":"Miyoshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Ultrason."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0096(199907\/08)27:6<347::AID-JCU7>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Endoscopic sonography in the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis","volume":"27","author":"Muguruma","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Ultrasound."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2010.05.022","article-title":"Can EUS-guided FNA distinguish between gallbladder cancer and xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis?","volume":"72","author":"Hijioka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1010635","article-title":"Value of endoscopic ultrasonography in the detection of anomalous connections of the pancreatobiliary duct","volume":"23","author":"Mitake","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300050296","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography for demonstrating loss of multiple-layer pattern of the thickened gallbladder wall in the preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder cancer","volume":"7","author":"Mizuguchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1870-0","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of gallbladder wall thickening","volume":"57","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(90)71164-9","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography in diagnosis of the extent of gallbladder carcinoma","volume":"36","author":"Mitake","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1443-1661.1995.tb00387.x","article-title":"Analysis of the Layer Structure of the Gallbladder Wall Delineated by Endoscopic Ultrasound Using the Pinning Method","volume":"7","author":"Fujita","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1998.17.1.33","article-title":"Usefulness of intraductal ultrasonography in gallbladder disease","volume":"17","author":"Watanabe","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(99)80015-7","article-title":"Diagnosis of the depth of invasion of gallbladder carcinoma by EUS","volume":"50","author":"Fujita","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(98)70012-4","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography in gallbladder diseases","volume":"48","author":"Hirooka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2013.03.1328","article-title":"Utility of contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS in the diagnosis of malignant gallbladder polyps (with videos)","volume":"78","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12900","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography for differential diagnosis of localized gallbladder lesions","volume":"30","author":"Kamata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3115-5","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of gallbladder wall thickening","volume":"59","author":"Imazu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25848","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25848","article-title":"The efficacy of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography in diagnosing gallbladder cancer","volume":"6","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2017.044","article-title":"Clinical Value of Contrast-Enhanced Harmonic Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic and Gallbladder Masses","volume":"51","author":"Leem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, X., and Jing, X. (2020). Meta-analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound for the diagnosis of gallbladder malignancy. BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-020-01252-5"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.01.024","article-title":"Preoperative diagnosis and management of thick-walled gallbladder based on bile cytology obtained by endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage tube","volume":"64","author":"Itoi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-011-0482-6","article-title":"Diagnostic yield of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and of EUS-guided fine needle aspiration sampling in gallbladder carcinomas","volume":"19","author":"Hijioka","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2003.86","article-title":"EUS-guided FNA for the diagnosis of gallbladder masses","volume":"57","author":"Jacobson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-870161","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in the evaluation of gallbladder masses","volume":"37","author":"Varadarajulu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2006.00319.x","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided FNA biopsy of bile duct and gallbladder: Analysis of 53 cases","volume":"17","author":"Meara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cytopathology"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"1691","article-title":"Diagnostic role of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration of gallbladder lesions","volume":"59","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3100-z","article-title":"Can endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration offer clinical benefit for thick-walled gallbladders?","volume":"59","author":"Ogura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1403","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0982-2862","article-title":"Role of EUS-FNA for gallbladder mass lesions with biliary obstruction: A large single-center experience","volume":"7","author":"Singla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endosc. Int. Open"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.870","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of biliary tract cancers 2019: The 3rd English edition","volume":"28","author":"Nagino","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.4103\/EUS-D-20-00112","article-title":"Usefulness of EUS-FNA with contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging for diagnosis of gallbladder tumor","volume":"10","author":"Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endosc. Ultrasound."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-016-0742-9","article-title":"The role of endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of gallbladder diseases","volume":"44","author":"Chantarojanasiri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Ultrason."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hijioka, S., Nagashio, Y., Ohba, A., Maruki, Y., and Okusaka, T. (2021). The Role of EUS and EUS-FNA in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Gallbladder Lesions. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11091586"}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/11\/10\/1789\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:06:34Z","timestamp":1760166394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/11\/10\/1789"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics11101789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics11101789","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]}}}