{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T02:31:36Z","timestamp":1779330696506,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and objective: The aim of this study was to compare the progression of independence in activities of daily living (ADL) in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) patients versus a control group, as well as to identify predictors of disability progression and functional dependency (FD). Patients and Methods: PD patients and control subjects, who were recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort between January 2016 and November 2017 (V0), were included. Patients and subjects were then evaluated again at the 2-year follow-up (V2). Disability was assessed with the Schwab &amp; England Activities of Daily Living Scale (S&amp;E-ADLS) at V0 and V2. FD was defined as an S&amp;E-ADLS score less than 80%. Results: In the PD group, a significant decrease in the S&amp;E-ADLS score from V0 to V2 (N = 507; from 88.58 \u00b1 10.19 to 84.26 \u00b1 13.38; p &lt; 0.0001; Cohen\u2019s effect size = \u22120.519) was observed but not in controls (N = 124; from 98.87 \u00b1 6.52 to 99.52 \u00b1 2.15; p = 0.238). When only patients considered functional independent at baseline were included, 55 out of 463 (11.9%) converted to functional dependent at V2. To be a female (OR = 2.908; p = 0.009), have longer disease duration (OR = 1.152; p = 0.002), have a non-tremoric motor phenotype at baseline (OR = 3.574; p = 0.004), have a higher score at baseline in FOGQ (OR = 1.244; p &lt; 0.0001) and BDI-II (OR = 1.080; p = 0.008), have a lower score at baseline in PD-CRS (OR = 0.963; p = 0.008), and have a greater increase in the score from V0 to V2 in UPDRS-IV (OR = 1.168; p = 0.0.29), FOGQ (OR = 1.348; p &lt; 0.0001) and VAFS-Mental (OR = 1.177; p = 0.013) (adjusted R-squared 0.52; Hosmer and Lemeshow test = 0.94) were all found to be independent predictors of FD at V2. Conclusions: In conclusion, autonomy for ADL worsens in PD patients compared to controls. Cognitive impairment, gait problems, fatigue, depressive symptoms, more advanced disease, and a non-tremor phenotype are independent predictors of FD in the short-term.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11101801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:03:42Z","timestamp":1632960222000},"page":"1801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Predictors of Loss of Functional Independence in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up and Comparison with a Control Group"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3126-5111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Santos Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CHUAC, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coru\u00f1a, 15006 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"de Deus Fonticoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHUF, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, 15405 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8352-2263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Cores Bartolom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHUAC, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coru\u00f1a, 15006 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6731-5934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Naya R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHUAC, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coru\u00f1a, 15006 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Garc\u00eda Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHUAC, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coru\u00f1a, 15006 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3968-5441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Mart\u00ednez Mir\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHUAC, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coru\u00f1a, 15006 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hector","family":"Canfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHUAC, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coru\u00f1a, 15006 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Jes\u00fas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurofisiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario 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