{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T23:40:45Z","timestamp":1788824445463,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["107-2314-B-002-045-MY3; 107-2314-B-002-232-MY3; 108-2221-E-002-028-MY2; 109-2627-H-028-004; 110-2627-H-028-002; 109-2321-B-038-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107-2314-B-002-045-MY3; 107-2314-B-002-232-MY3; 108-2221-E-002-028-MY2; 109-2627-H-028-004; 110-2627-H-028-002; 109-2321-B-038-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is an emerging trend to employ dynamic sonography in the diagnosis of entrapment neuropathy, which exhibits aberrant spatiotemporal characteristics of the entrapped nerve when adjacent tissues move. However, the manual tracking of the entrapped nerve in consecutive images demands tons of human labors and impedes its popularity clinically. Here we evaluated the performance of automated median nerve segmentation in dynamic sonography using a variety of deep learning models pretrained with ImageNet, including DeepLabV3+, U-Net, FPN, and Mask-R-CNN. Dynamic ultrasound images of the median nerve at across wrist level were acquired from 52 subjects diagnosed as carpal tunnel syndrome when they moved their fingers. The videos of 16 subjects exhibiting diverse appearance and that of the remaining 36 subjects were used for model test and training, respectively. The centroid, circularity, perimeter, and cross section area of the median nerve in individual frame were automatically determined from the inferred nerve. The model performance was evaluated by the score of intersection over union (IoU) between the annotated and model-predicted data. We found that both DeepLabV3+ and Mask R-CNN predicted median nerve the best with averaged IOU scores close to 0.83, which indicates the feasibility of automated median nerve segmentation in dynamic sonography using deep learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11101893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T09:10:49Z","timestamp":1634202649000},"page":"1893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Automated Segmentation of Median Nerve in Dynamic Sonography Using Deep Learning: Evaluation of Model Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3979-3541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chueh-Hung","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Ting","family":"Syu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4796-3341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng-Ting","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Liang","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Boudier-Rev\u00e9ret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H2X 3E4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Yen","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9958-2204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po-Ling","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-009-0213-9","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of the carpal tunnel syndrome: A review","volume":"31","author":"Alfonso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol. 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