{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T22:30:28Z","timestamp":1784241028539,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,7]],"date-time":"2021-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004418","name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dynamic computer tomography (CT) is an emerging modality to analyze in-vivo joint kinematics at the bone level, but it requires manual bone segmentation and, in some instances, landmark identification. The objective of this study is to present an automated workflow for the assessment of three-dimensional in vivo joint kinematics from dynamic musculoskeletal CT images. The proposed method relies on a multi-atlas, multi-label segmentation and landmark propagation framework to extract bony structures and detect anatomical landmarks on the CT dataset. The segmented structures serve as regions of interest for the subsequent motion estimation across the dynamic sequence. The landmarks are propagated across the dynamic sequence for the construction of bone embedded reference frames from which kinematic parameters are estimated. We applied our workflow on dynamic CT images obtained from 15 healthy subjects on two different joints: thumb base (n = 5) and knee (n = 10). The proposed method resulted in segmentation accuracies of 0.90 \u00b1 0.01 for the thumb dataset and 0.94 \u00b1 0.02 for the knee as measured by the Dice score coefficient. In terms of motion estimation, mean differences in cardan angles between the automated algorithm and manual segmentation, and landmark identification performed by an expert were below 1\u00b0. Intraclass correlation (ICC) between cardan angles from the algorithm and results from expert manual landmarks ranged from 0.72 to 0.99 for all joints across all axes. The proposed automated method resulted in reproducible and reliable measurements, enabling the assessment of joint kinematics using 4DCT in clinical routine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11112062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,7]],"date-time":"2021-11-07T20:41:14Z","timestamp":1636317674000},"page":"2062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Automated Motion Analysis of Bony Joint Structures from Dynamic Computer Tomography Images: A Multi-Atlas Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Benyameen","family":"Keelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B-3002 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Buzzatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Vrije Universiteit, 1090 Brussel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Ceranka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B-3002 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9977-5425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7471-1951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Battista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Campus of Savona, University of Genova, 17100 Savona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1170-7389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Scheerlinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert","family":"Van Gompel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"De Mey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Cattrysse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Vrije Universiteit, 1090 Brussel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Buls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jef","family":"Vandemeulebroucke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B-3002 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 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