{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:09:49Z","timestamp":1785416989331,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article summarizes and systematizes the available data from the literature on chronic autoimmune gastritis (CAG) in order to increase the awareness of specialists about the modern possibilities for diagnosing the disease, including its early stages. The clinical manifestation of the disease includes possible variants such as gastrointestinal, hematological (first of all, the formation of iron deficiency and B12-deficiency anemia), and neurological variants. Patients with chronic autoimmune gastritis are characterized by comorbidity with other autoimmune diseases. In this paper, data on the most informative serological markers for the diagnosis of CAG, as well as laboratory tests to detect micronutrient deficiencies, information on the characteristic changes in the gastric mucosa, and the prognosis of the disease, are presented. The diagnosis of CAG should be based on a multidisciplinary approach that combines a thorough analysis of a patient\u2019s complaints with a mandatory assessment of nutritional status, as well as the results of serological, endoscopic, and histological research methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11112113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T08:19:20Z","timestamp":1636964360000},"page":"2113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Chronic Autoimmune Gastritis: Modern Diagnostic Principles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6581-7017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A.","family":"Livzan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Omsk Sate Medical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9370-4768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga V.","family":"Gaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Omsk Sate Medical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7200-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergei I.","family":"Mozgovoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Omsk Sate Medical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2815-3992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry S.","family":"Bordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, 111123 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Tver State Medical University, 170100 Tver, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312288","article-title":"Management of Helicobacter pylori infection\u2014The Maastricht V\/Florence Consensus Report","volume":"66","author":"Malfertheiner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309252","article-title":"Kyoto global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori gastritis","volume":"64","author":"Sugano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12179","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i42.12179","article-title":"Autoimmune gastritis: Pathologist\u2019s viewpoint","volume":"21","author":"Coati","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. 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