{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T17:23:50Z","timestamp":1775323430124,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vasculitides represent a heterogeneous group of immune-mediated disorders, characterized by a systemic inflammatory destructive process of the blood vessels resulting either in ischemia or hemorrhage. The organ involved and vessel size influence the pattern of presentation of the pathology. The lung is commonly involved in systemic vasculitides, with heterogeneous clinical, radiological, and histopathological presentations. Primary vasculitides most commonly associated with lung parenchymal involvement include small-vessel antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides, such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Several studies have reported cases of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) associated with systemic vasculitis, particularly those positive for ANCA associated vasculitis\/vasculitidis: AAV. We have selected from our case series different radiological features of pulmonary vasculitis (i.e., solitary or multiple nodules, cavitary lesions, nodules with centrilobular or peribronchial distribution, airspace consolidations, \u201ccrazy paving\u201d appearance, interstitial disease), including cases with interstitial lung alterations. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe the typical clinical manifestations of vasculitides and their main radiologic features (especially AAV).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11122318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T21:52:32Z","timestamp":1639086752000},"page":"2318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Pulmonary Vasculitides: A Radiological Review Emphasizing Parenchymal HRCT Features"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7196-2974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Palmucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit 1, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cGF Ingrassia\u201d, University Hospital Policlinico \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7529-2680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corrado","family":"In\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit 1, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cGF Ingrassia\u201d, University Hospital Policlinico \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Cosentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit 1, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cGF Ingrassia\u201d, University Hospital Policlinico \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Fanzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit 1, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cGF Ingrassia\u201d, University Hospital Policlinico \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6785-0737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Di Pietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit 1, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cGF Ingrassia\u201d, University Hospital Policlinico \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Di Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit 1, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cGF Ingrassia\u201d, University Hospital Policlinico \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Galioto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit 1, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cGF Ingrassia\u201d, University Hospital Policlinico \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9637-1970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Tiralongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit 1, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cGF Ingrassia\u201d, University Hospital Policlinico \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Vignigni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Centre for Interstitial and Rare Lung Disease, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Toscano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit 1, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cGF Ingrassia\u201d, University Hospital Policlinico \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9933-1202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Sambataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Centre for Interstitial and Rare Lung Disease, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Vancheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Centre for Interstitial and Rare Lung Disease, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0735-5720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Distefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit 1, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cGF Ingrassia\u201d, University Hospital Policlinico \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Basile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit 1, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cGF Ingrassia\u201d, University Hospital Policlinico \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370206","article-title":"Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides: The proposal of an international consensus conference","volume":"37","author":"Jennette","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","article-title":"2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference nomenclature of vasculitides","volume":"65","author":"Jennette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200511-120JH","article-title":"Pulmonary vasculitis","volume":"3","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thorac. 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