{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:27:23Z","timestamp":1792610843889,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe liver fibrosis (LF) is associated with poor long-term liver-related outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH). The study aimed to explore the prevalence and predictors of LF and the concordance between different non-invasive methods for the estimation of LF in HIV-infected individuals without hepatitis virus infection. We enrolled PLWH with HIV-1-RNA &lt;50 copies\/mL for &gt;12 months, excluding individuals with viral hepatitis. LF was assessed by transient elastography (TE) (significant &gt;6.65 kPa), fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) (significant &gt;2.67), and AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) (significant &gt;1.5). We included 234 individuals (67% males, median age 49 years, median time from HIV diagnosis 11 years, 38% treated with integrase strand transfer inhibitors). In terms of the TE, 13% had \u2265F2 stage; FIB-4 score was &gt;1.5 in 7%; and APRI &gt; 0.5 in 4%. Higher body mass index, diabetes mellitus, detectable baseline HIV-1 RNA and longer atazanavir exposure were associated with higher liver stiffness as per TE. Predictors of higher APRI score were CDC C stage and longer exposure to tenofovir alafenamide, while HBcAb positivity and longer exposure to tenofovir alafenamide were associated to higher FIB-4 scores. Qualitative agreement was poor between FIB-4\/TE and between APRI\/TE by non-parametric Spearman correlation and kappa statistic. In our study, in the group of PLWH without viral hepatitis, different non-invasive methods were discordant in predicting liver fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12010014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T10:24:52Z","timestamp":1640168692000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Discordant Liver Fibrosis Predictors in Virologically Suppressed People Living with HIV without Hepatitis Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Rossetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Borgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Emiliozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5939-9576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Colaneri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases I Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Zanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2368-5722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriana","family":"d\u2019Alessandro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Maiocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases I Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2267-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Montagnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Moioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Baiguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Sambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases I Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa Chiara","family":"Pieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases I Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Valsecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases I Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0235-9207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases I Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Puoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1343-812X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Fabbiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS (2021, October 17). Global HIV & AIDS Statistics\u20142020 Fact Sheet. Available online: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact-sheet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration (2008). 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