{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T18:18:06Z","timestamp":1774462686284,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The examination of very small fetal hearts requires special equipment and a specialist that are not available in many general pathology laboratories. Compared to conventional examination, the four-chamber cardiac dissection (4CCD) method can be performed by any pathologist using instruments generally available in pathology services. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the 4CCD method in the examination of small fetal hearts using post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (pm-MRI) at 7T as the standard. Twelve fetuses with gestational ages between 13 and 19 weeks have been included in this study. All fetuses underwent pm-MRI examination prior to pathologic examination. The 4CCD method was used for the cardiac examination in all cases following the same guidelines for cardiac sectioning. The 4CCD was able to identify all cardiac anatomic structures as compared to pm-MRI at 7T, demonstrating a sensibility of 95.8% (95% CI, 94.5\u201395.8) and specificity of 100% (95% CI, 32.3\u2013100). The overall accuracy in identifying cardiac anatomic structures was 95.8% (95% CI, 93.4\u201395.8). Additionally, the 4CCD method was able to detect cardiac anomalies with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 91% (95% CI, 85.8\u201394.2), sensibility of 67.6% (95% CI, 54.5\u201375.3), and specificity of 97% (95% CI, 93.7\u201399) as compared to pm-MRI at 7T. The four-chamber view dissection method can be considered as an alternative to the conventional inflow\u2013outflow dissection method in selected cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12010223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T20:46:03Z","timestamp":1642452363000},"page":"223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Evaluation of the Four-Chamber Cardiac Dissection Method of the Fetal Heart as an Alternative to Conventional Inflow\u2013Outflow Dissection in Small Gestational-Age Fetuses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7224-9778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camelia","family":"Albu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"IMOGEN Centre of Advanced Research Studies, Emergency County Hospital, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adelina","family":"Staicu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Popa-Stanil\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMOGEN Centre of Advanced Research Studies, Emergency County Hospital, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6245-4188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosmina","family":"Bondor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Pop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, \u201cProf. Dr. Ion Chiricuta\u201d Oncology Institute, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1416-4220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liviu","family":"Chiriac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"National Magnetic Resonance Centre, Babe\u0219 Bolyai University, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0755-2882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Gheban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3228-7881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romeo","family":"Micu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0857-9868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romulus Valeriu Flaviu","family":"Turcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Magnetic Resonance Centre, Babe\u0219 Bolyai University, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simion","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Magnetic Resonance Centre, Babe\u0219 Bolyai University, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doini\u021ba","family":"Cri\u0219an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florin","family":"Stamatian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMOGEN Centre of Advanced Research Studies, Emergency County Hospital, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s40556-015-0061-z","article-title":"An Approach to the Examination of the Fetal Congenitally Malformed Heart at Autopsy","volume":"2","author":"Erickson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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