{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:59:46Z","timestamp":1792011586716,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A post-operative manifest refractive error as close as possible to target is key when performing cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, given that residual astigmatism and refractive errors negatively impact patients\u2019 vision and satisfaction. This review explores refractive outcomes prior to modern biometry; advances in biometry and its impact on patients\u2019 vision and refractive outcomes after cataract surgery; key factors that affect prediction accuracy; and residual refractive errors and the impact on visual outcomes. There are numerous pre-, intra-, and post-operative factors that can influence refractive outcomes after cataract surgery, leaving surgeons with a small \u201cerror budget\u201d (i.e., the source and sum of all influencing factors). To mitigate these factors, precise measurement and correct application of ocular biometric data are required. With advances in optical biometry, prediction of patient post-operative refractory status has become more accurate, leading to an increased proportion of patients achieving their target refraction. Alongside improvements in biometry, advancements in microsurgical techniques, new IOL technologies, and enhancements to IOL power calculations have also positively impacted patients\u2019 refractory status after cataract surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12020243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T21:01:51Z","timestamp":1642626111000},"page":"243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Refractive Outcomes after Cataract Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6237-7773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramin","family":"Khoramnia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The David J Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6927-5251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerd","family":"Auffarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The David J Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"\u0141abuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The David J Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Pettit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcon Research LLC, Fort Worth, TX 76134, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajaraman","family":"Suryakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcon Research LLC, Fort Worth, TX 76134, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-014-0002-2","article-title":"Surgical options for correction of refractive error following cataract surgery","volume":"1","author":"Abdelghany","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eye Vis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.5318\/wjo.v4.i4.140","article-title":"Improving refractive outcomes in cataract surgery: A global perspective","volume":"4","author":"Aristodemou","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. 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