{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:42:49Z","timestamp":1790721769056,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim: Through the use of CBCT images, many unidentified features of impacted canines can be easily resolved. The potential collision of impacted maxillary canines and adjacent teeth could lead to root resorption (RR). The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence, location and severity of RR on adjacent teeth caused by impacted maxillary canines and the association between the adjacent teeth and the features of maxillary impacted canines on CBCT. Methods: This study examined 89 subjects with 108 maxillary impacted canines, having had no previous orthodontic treatment (mean age: 18.3 \u00b1 4.1 years). The following impacted-canine-related parameters were analyzed on the CBCT images: location; RR levels on adjacent teeth; occlusal line and midline distances of impacted canines; and the angulations of impacted canines to the midline, lateral incisor and occlusal line. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between RR and the measured parameters on CBCT. Results: In this study, we found that the majority of our patients with impacted maxillary canines were female (62.5%). Of the total 108 maxillary impacted canines, 60.2% resorbed the adjacent teeth of the affected quadrants. Lateral incisors were the most affected (34.3%). The mean age of subjects with RR was 16.7 \u00b1 3.5 years. The frequency of RR was statistically significantly higher in female subjects (40.4%). Slight RR was the most frequent (30.5%) and the highest incidence noted at the apical third of the root (29.6%). Regarding the impacted maxillary canine angulation to the midline and adjacent tooth, higher values of angulation caused severe forms of RR (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The sensitivity of CBCT allows for the accurate diagnosis of the location and the degree of RR, alongside the angulation and distance of impacted canines to adjacent teeth. The association between the linear and angular features of the impacted maxillary canines and RR was confirmed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12020380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T22:16:18Z","timestamp":1643753778000},"page":"380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Root Resorptions on Adjacent Teeth Associated with Impacted Maxillary Canines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sanja","family":"Simi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pri\u0161tina in Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Predrag","family":"Nikoli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9333-0804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Stani\u0161i\u0107 Zindovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pri\u0161tina in Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8682-0880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radovan","family":"Jovanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pri\u0161tina in Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6491-8011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Sto\u0161ovi\u0107 Kalezi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pri\u0161tina in Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Djordjevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pri\u0161tina in Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vesna","family":"Popov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontic Associates Baltimore, Catonsville, MD 21228, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.03.035","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of impacted canines and root resorption using cone beam computed tomography","volume":"113","author":"Oberoi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1051\/orthodfr\/2015014","article-title":"Maxillary canine impaction increases root resorption risk of adjacent teeth: A problem of physical proximity","volume":"86","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthod. Fr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.04.033","article-title":"Three-dimensional craniofacial imaging","volume":"125","author":"Walker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentof. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765.e8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2018.05.012","article-title":"To what extent are impacted canines associated with root resorption of the adjacent tooth? A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"149","author":"Schroder","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"276","article-title":"Incisor root resorptions due to ectopic maxillary canines imaged by computerized tomography: A comparative study in extracted teeth","volume":"70","author":"Ericson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-016-0077-6","article-title":"Effects of impacted maxillary canines on root resorption of lateral incisors. A cone beam computed tomography study","volume":"78","author":"Ucar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.12.012","article-title":"Comparative analysis of panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed to-mography in treatment planning of palatally displaced canines","volume":"157","author":"Sosars","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.2319\/011311-23.1","article-title":"Maxillary incisor root resorption induced by ectopic canines","volume":"81","author":"Bjerklin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20130157","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20130157","article-title":"Presurgical treatment planning of maxillary canine impactions using panoramic vs cone beam CT imaging","volume":"42","author":"Alqerban","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.2319\/071516-554.1","article-title":"Morphological relationship analysis of impacted maxillary canines and the adjacent teeth on 3-dimensional reconstructed CT images","volume":"87","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq085","article-title":"Root resorption associated with ectopically erupting maxillary permanent canines: A computed tomography study","volume":"33","author":"Cernochova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"43","article-title":"How a computerized tomography examination changed the treatment plans of 80 children with re-tained and ectopically positioned maxillary canines","volume":"76","author":"Bjerklin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-017-0289-5","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of angular, linear, and resorption features of maxillary impacted canines on cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"34","author":"Dagsuyu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Radiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.02.016","article-title":"Incidence of incisor root resorption associated with the position of the impacted max-illary canines: A cone beam computed tomographic stud","volume":"157","author":"Kalavritinos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentof. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.01.030","article-title":"Localization of impacted maxillary canines and observation of adjacent incisor resorption with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"105","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.02.011","article-title":"Influence of Impacted Maxillary Canine Orthodontic Traction Complexity on Root Resorption of Incisors: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study","volume":"155","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/10.1.283","article-title":"Early treatment of palatally erupting maxillary canines by extraction of the primary canines","volume":"10","author":"Ericson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"415","article-title":"Resorption of incisors after ectopic eruption of maxillary canines: A CT study","volume":"70","author":"Ericson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkJOrthod.2021.20148","article-title":"Association between Impacted Maxillary Canines and Adjacent Lateral Incisors: A Retrospective Study with Cone Beam Computed Tomography","volume":"34","author":"Koral","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2014.44.4.287","article-title":"Cone-beam computed tomogra-phy findings of impacted upper canines","volume":"44","author":"Bastos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Imaging Sci. Dent."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2015.1020339","article-title":"Root resorptions related to ectopic and normal eruption of maxillary canine teeth\u2014A 3D study","volume":"73","author":"Pirttiniemi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy078","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of root resorption of adjacent teeth in maxillary canine impaction, among untreated children and adolescents","volume":"41","author":"Rafflenbeul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.2319\/032112-240.1","article-title":"Apical root resorption due to orthodontic treatment detected by cone beam computed tomography","volume":"83","author":"Castro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.10.015","article-title":"Impaction of maxillary canines and its effect on the position of adjacent teeth and canine development: A cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"159","author":"Dekel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"49","article-title":"Location and severity of root resorption related to impacted maxillary canines: A cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation","volume":"31","author":"Dogramaci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust. Orthod. J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjv047","article-title":"Predictors of root resorption associated with maxillary canine impaction in panoramic images","volume":"38","author":"Alqerban","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"e743","article-title":"Impacted maxillary canines and root resorption of adjacent teeth: A retrospective observational study","volume":"21","author":"Guarnieri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.11.018","article-title":"Radiographic predictors for maxillary canine impaction","volume":"147","author":"Alqerban","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/10.1.115","article-title":"CT diagnosis of ectopically erupting maxillary canines\u2013A case report","volume":"10","author":"Ericson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"65","article-title":"Three-dimensional localization and assessment of maxillary palatal impacted canines with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"24","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2012.02.004","article-title":"The sequential hypothesis of impaction of maxillary canine\u2014A hypothesis based on clinical and radiographic findings","volume":"40","author":"Sajnani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"54","article-title":"Predictive factors for resorption of teeth adjacent to impacted maxillary canines","volume":"15","author":"Cuminetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, Y., Sun, Y., and Xu, T. (2018). Evaluation of root resorption after comprehensive orthodontic treatment using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT): Metaanalysis. BMC Oral Health, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0579-2"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.01.023","article-title":"Root resorptions associated with canine retraction treatment","volume":"152","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/2\/380\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:12:48Z","timestamp":1760134368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/2\/380"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics12020380"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12020380","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]}}}